Canadian Geography

Interactions in the Physical Environment
1. Layers of The Earth, (Crust, Mantel, Outer Core, Inner Core)
  1. Convection Currents
    1. Plate Tectonics
      1. Earthquakes
        Richter Scale (1-10)
        Chain Reaction
        Tsunamis
        Floods
        Landslides/Sinkholes
        Avalanches
        Volcanic Eruption
        Forest Fires
      2. Divergence
      3. Convergence
      4. Sliding
      5. Pangaea
      6. Laurasia, Gondwanaland, (Continental Drift)
      7. Ring of Fire
        Volcanic Eruptions
2. Erosion
  1. Weathering
  2. Transportation
  3. Deposition
  4. Water, Wind, Animals, Plant Roots, and Humus
3. Glaciers
  1. Alpine
  2. Continental
  3. Advancing, Stationary, or Retreating
  4. Moraine
    1. Stritations
    2. Till Plain
4. Landform Regions
  1. Canadian Shield, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, Interior Plains, Acrtic and Hudson Bay Lowlands, Appalachians, Western Cordillera, Innuitian Mountains
5. Soil Regions
  1. Tundra Soils, Wet-Climate Soils, Dry-Climate Soils, Complex Soils of Mountain areas
6. Vegetation Regions
  1. Tundra, West Coast Forest, Cordilleran Vegetation, Boreal and Taiga Forest, Grassland, Mixed Forest, Deciduous Forest
7. Ecozones
  1. Arctic Cordillera, Northern Arctic, Southern Arctic, Taiga Plains, Taiga Shield, Boreal Shield, Atlantic Maritime, Mixedwood Plains, Boreal Plains, Prairies,Taiga Cordillera, Boreal Cordillera, Pacific Maritime, Montane Cordillera
8. Rock Cycle
  1. Igneous Rock
    1. Magma/Lava
    2. Extrusive, and Intrusive
  2. Sedimentary Rock
    1. Weathering, (Erosion)
    2. Compacting/Cementing
  3. Metamorphic Rock
    1. Heat, Pressure, and Morphing
9. GPS
10. GIS
11. Agriculture
  1. Leveling Land
    1. Sinkholes, Landslides, Deforestation
  2. Fertilizers, Pesticides, Herbicides
Climate Connections
1. Climate
  1. Conditions over a long period of time
2. Weather
  1. Conditions over a short period of time
3. Climate Graph
  1. Temperature Range
  2. Annual Percipitation
  3. Average Temperature
  4. Temperature Range
  5. Growing Season
  6. Maritime, and Continental
  7. Seasonal Distribution of Percipitation
4. Natural Disasters
  1. Blizzards/Ice Storms
    1. Rain
    2. Freezing Rain
    3. Ice Pellets/Sleet
    4. Snow
  2. Hurricanes
    1. Saffir Simpson Scale (1-5)
    2. Eye (Low pressure centre)
    3. Eye Wall (Surounds the eye; most violent winds)
  3. Tornadoes
    1. Forms in Mature Stage of a Thunderstorm
    2. 30-30 rule
    3. Fujita Scale (F0-F5)
5. Global Warming/Climate Change
6. Factors Affecting Climate
  1. LOWER (Latitude, Oceans, Wind, Elevation, Relief)
  2. Near Water, Cloud Cover, Slope of Land, Colour/Texture of Surface
7. Climate Regions
  1. Arctic, Taiga, Cordilleran, Pacific Maritime, Boreal, Prairie, Southeastern, Atlantic Maritime
Managing Canada's Resources and Industries
1. Secondary Industry
  1. Just In Time
  2. Manufacturing, Factory, Construction
2. Tertiary Industry
  1. Retail Sector
    1. Ribbon Development
    2. Strip Malls
    3. Big-Box Store
  2. Government
  3. Travel/Tourism
  4. Services
    1. Federal
      1. Mail Delivery, Passports, National Defense
    2. Provincial
      1. Health Care, Education, Highways
    3. Municipal
      1. Garbage Collection, water, snow removal
3. Quaternary
  1. Information Tech
  2. Scientific Research
  3. Financial Planning
4. Sustainability
  1. Renewable
  2. Non-Renewable
5. Infrastructure
  1. Transportation
    1. Ships, Trains, Trucks, Planes
  2. Electricity
  3. Networks
6. Primary Industries
  1. Fishing
    1. Decline in Fish
      1. Space Age Tracking Tech
      2. Uncontrolled Foreign Fishing
      3. Destructive Fishing Practices
        By-Catch
        Bottom Trawl
        Longlining
        Purse Seine
      4. Overfishing
      5. Global warming
    2. Aquaculture
      1. Fish Farms
      2. Marine Reserves
  2. Farming
    1. Land Capability
    2. Agribusiness
      1. Fertilizers, Herbicides, Pesticides
      2. Intensive, Extensive
    3. Sustainable Agriculture
    4. Land Class (1-7)
  3. Mining
    1. Raw Materials
      1. Ore
        Smelting
      2. Fossil fuels
      3. Minerals
        Metallic and Industrial
    2. Strip Mining, Open Pit Mining, Underground Mining
    3. geologist
  4. Forestry
    1. Clear-cutting
      1. Damage soil, leave land barren
    2. Selective Cutting
      1. More costly but keeps forests abundant
    3. Shelterwood logging
      1. Small groups of seed-bearing trees can regenerate area
    4. Conservation Efforts
      1. Agreement Forest Program, Grants, Woodlands Improvement Act
Changing Populations, and Livable Communities
1. Demography
  1. Population Growth rate
    1. Natural Increase Rate
      1. Birth rate
      2. Death Rate
    2. Net Migration Rate
      1. Immigration Rate
        immigrate
        immigrant
        Refugee
        The Points System
        Pull Factor
      2. Emigration Rate
        emmigrate
        Push factor
  2. Longevity
  3. Baby boom
  4. Doubling Time
  5. Population Pyramid
  6. Population Density
  7. Population Distribution
  8. Migration
    1. Forced Migration
    2. Economic Migration
    3. Seasonal Migration
    4. Voluntary Migration
    5. Temporary Migration
2. Rural, Urban
Geographic Perspective
Interrelationships
Patterns and Trends
Spatial Significance

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