Naming Elements and Compounds

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Intro Chemistry Note on Naming Elements and Compounds , created by devibabyy66 on 19/06/2014.
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Note by devibabyy66, updated more than 1 year ago
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Naming Compounds and Molecules Sugar and Salt Sodium chloride: the compound formed by sodium and chlorine is table salt the properties of a compound are different from the individual properties of the elements Constant Composition Joseph Proust: stated that elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds The Law of Constant Composition: all samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements even though atoms combine in whole number ratios their mass ratios are not necessarily whole numbers How to Represent Compounds Chemical Formula: indicated the elements present in a compound and the relative  number of atoms in each CO2 for carbon dioxide indicated a ratio of 1:2. Naming Ionic Compounds with Two Elements Identify the cation and anion Name the cation by its element name Name the anion by changing the last part of its elemental name to -ide Write the name of the cation first followed by the name of the anion Positive representative elements include: H Li Na K Rb Cs Mg Ca2 Sr2 Ba Al Negative representative elements include: N3( Nitride) P3( Phosphide) O2(Oxide) S2(Sulfide)  F(Fluoride)  Cl(Chloride) Br( Bromide) I ( Iodide) Metals That Form More than One Cation the name of metal with 2 or more positive ions use a Roman numeral to identify ionic charge Lead  Pb2+  lead(II) Naming Ionic Compound with Variable Charge Metals Determine the charge of the cation from the anion Name the cation by its elemental name and Roman Numeral in () for the charge Name the Anion by changing the last part of its name to -ide write the cation followed by the anion FeCl2 : Iron(II) chloride Writing Formulas from the Name Identify cation and anion balance the charges write cation using subscripts from charge balance iron(III) chloride: FeCl3 Polyatomic Ions a group of atoms that has an overall ionic charge usually end in ate Phosphate: Po^3-  4 NaNO3: sodium nitrate Naming Molecular Compounds all molecular compounds form two or more nonmetals the prefixes given to each element indicate # of atoms present Mono=1 di-1 tri-3 tetra-4 pena-5 hexa-6 hepta-7 octa-8 nona-9 deca-10 Bases taste bitter turn red litmus paper blue feel slippery on skin neutralize an acid Arrhenius Concepts Acids: compounds that ionize in water to form H+ ions and anions Bases: compounds that ionize in water to form solutions of of OH- Neutralization: acids and bases react to form salt and water Salt: cation from the base and anion from the acid make up this ionic compound Naming Acids Acids with H and nonmetal are named with the prefix hydro and end with ic acid HCl Hydrochloric Acid Acids with H and a polyatomic ion are named by changing the end of the name of  the polyatomic ion from -ate to -ic acid. or -ite to -ous acid

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