Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD" - created from Mind Map

Causes Smoking, Secondhand smoke, organic/inorganic dust, polution alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (genetic) Pathophysiology increase of airway inflammation due to increase in WBCs and remodeling airways are then worsened by proteases/antiproteases (protein digestion enzymes) and oxidants/antioxidants decrease in ciliary function Air comes in but cant get out causing hyperinflation capillary perfusion of O2 is decreased resulting in hypoxemia eventually causing hypercapnea (increase of carbon dioxide in the blood) increase in air in the lungs at the end of tidal exhalation increasing residual volume (RV) & functional residual capacity (FRC) pt. becomes barrel-chested and kyphotic decreased diaphragmic movement (excursion) diaphragm becomes flatter, less domed Accessory muscles of ventilation are recruited results in an inward motion of the lower ribs during contraction muscle hypertrophy, pursed-lip breathing, cyanosis, and clubbing increase in hypoxemia results in right ventricular hypertrophy (cor pulmonale) heart elongation, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and depression

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease "COPD"