ATTACHMENT - created from Mind Map

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definition - an emotional bond between two people in which each seeks closeness and feels more secure when in the presence of the attachment figure

caregiver -infant interactions

stages of attachment (schaffer + emerson)

definition - interactions between very young babies and their parents, baby led and adult responding to behaviour of the baby

reciprocity

interactional synchrony

AO3

+ many studies show same interaction between mother + baby

+ observations are well controlled, filmed from multiples angles = very fine details and can be analysed later

+ babies unaware = no SDB, demand characteristics = good internal vailidity

- however observations include hand movements and expressions = difficult to know whats happening from infants perspective. is it deliberate/ conscious or not?

definition - interaction between infant and caregiver where both produce a response in each other ie SMILING

AO3 -

INFLUENCES childs physical, social and cognitive development

basis of development of basic trust or mistrust - shapes how child relate to world

definition - rhythmic interaction between infant and caregiver involving mutal focus, reciprocity and mirroring of emotion or behaviour

forms if caregiver fully attend to baby's state

Ao3

actions like a conversation

infant and adult able to anticipate how each other will behave and elicit a particular response from each other

ie caregiver will laughs at infants giggle, so tickles them to make them giggle

Heimann - infants with lots of imitation from birth = better relationships at 3 months

however is this from imitation OR early synchrony

60 babies at monthly intervals for 18 months

longitudinal study

studied in their home, behaviour observed and caregivers interviewed and kept a diary

measured - 1) stranger anxiety 2)separation anxiety 3) social referencing / secure base

stages ...

conclusions

stranger anxiety = response to arrival of a stranger . separation anxiety = disress level when separated from carer, degree of comfort needed on return. social referencing /secure base= degree that child looks to carer to check how they should respond to something new

asocial stages 0-6 weeks

indiscriminate attachment 7 weeks - 7 months

specific attachment 7 -9months

multiple attachment 10 months +

social and non-social stimuli produce reaction ie smile

enjoy any/indiscriminate human company - respond equally.

get upset when individual stops interacting with them

3 months = smile more at regular caregviers

special preference for single attachment figure

shows stranger anxiety

shows separation anxiety

babies more independent + form several attachments

18 months 31% have 5 or more attachments

attachments structured in hierarchy

sensitive responsivness = attachemnts most likely to form with those responding well to babies signals NOT those who spent most time

indicate sensitive responsiveness - responding accurately to baby signals as opposed to spending most time with = formation of attachment

intensely attached infants had mums repsoding quickly to demands and interacted

weakly attached infants mums failed to interact

responsivness is key to attachments - not those who feed and change child

AO3

- low population validity. glasgow, working class, small sample (60). reduced strength of conclusions

-accuracy of data. keeping diaries = SBD/ demand characteristics, not report bad things. also too busy to keep up daily accounts