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The act of learning from data which we all aim to do with the implementation of statistics is referred to as Inference. We want to make inference on some particular problem and the way we do that is by actively learning from the data we have sourced.

What we want to learn about is the parameters of a population. Parameters are the numerical measure of interest in with population under scrutiny. As the parameters are unknown, we use statistics to find out the parameters. However they are not all unknown and can also sometimes not exist.