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1. Define philosophy by using the

meaning of its root words.

·

Philos-wisdom

·

Sopho-study of

·

Study/love of wisdom

2. Socrates stood trial on what two

formal charges?

·

Impiety

·

Corrupting the youth

3.

For most of you, this class is a requirement, and thus arguably a restriction

upon your freedom. We discussed this on the first day of class in

reference to Plato’s statement: “Any study pursued under compulsion does not

remain rooted in the memory.” How can studying philosophy be understood to

provide a precondition for the exercise or the development of one’s freedom?

4. Socrates stated his wisdom amounted

to his awareness of his own ignorance. (True/False)

True

5.

We are the beings who have their own being given to them in the form of the

question of the meaning of being. Explain.

6. Explain our moral sense, our

aesthetic sense, our rational sense, and or religious sense.

·

Ethical Capacity: pre-reflective

judgements regarding the ethical and non-ethical;

·

Aesthetic Capacity: pre-reflective

judgements regarding the beautiful and non-beautiful;

·

Metaphysical/Religious Capacity:

pre-reflective sensibility of participatory meaning in a something perhaps we

know not what that is greater than oneself and one's individual concerns.

7.

List and explain four ways of assessing the ethical status of action.

·

By the Nature of the Act/Rule Based:

o

When considering the ethical merit of a

given action, look to the rule, principle or law

·

By the Consequences of the

Act/Consequentialism:

·

By the Character of the Person

Performing the Act/Virtue Based:

o

The Problem of Intention/Motive

8.

Our typical understanding of justice frames it within the domain of law.

Based on what you have learned in this class, formulate a critique of this

approach.

9. Pushing someone off a cliff could be an ethical action

(T/F). What is the criterion of assessment you use here to determine the

truth or falsity of the statement?

10.

What does harmony have to do with Justice?

12.

The sophists were teachers who taught what?

13.

Cephalus believes that it is not necessary to be wealthy to live a good life

(T/F/)? True

14. Cephalus understands justice to be

what?

·

Paying your debts

·

Telling the truth

15. How does Socrates refute Cephalus’

definition?

Should you give a crazy man back his weapon?

16. What is Polemarchus’ definition of

justice.

·

Giving good to friends

·

Giving bad to enemies

17. What is the underlying similarity

between Cephalus’ and Polemarchus’ definitions of justice?

·

Both want you to give others what they

are owed

18. According to Socrates, justice can

never be the cause of injustice (T/F/).

True

19. Why is Thrasymachus angry with

Socrates?

Socrates is refuting everyone’s definition of Justice as if he knows the

right answer, but he never tells them what it is.

20. Thrasymachus appears to hold two

views on the nature of justice, conventionalism and immoralism. Define

them. How are they related?

·

Justice is the Advantage of the

Stronger. (Might Makes Right)

·

Justice is a lie. / Injustice is the

virtue of the good life.

21. Who said each of the following:

justice is the advantage of the stronger, justice is paying off one’s debts,

justice is never lying, justice is the virtue of a good life, justice is a lie.

·

Thrasymachus

·

Cephalus

·

Cephalus

·

·

Trasymachus

22. According to Thrasymachus, people

who act in any way that is other than self serving do so out of what:

fear or

ignorance.

23.

Who is it that Thrasymachus admires? (answer:

24. Is a doctor primarily a healer of

bodies or a money-maker?

Healer of bodies

25.

If human life is a skill that has as its end the production of a flourishing

life, what is the virtue that would allow for the skill of life to be performed

well?

26.

If the unjust person who acts solely out of self-interest desires to get the

better of both just people and unjust people, what can we conclude about this

unjust person?

27.

What might Thrasymachus’ blush tell us about the nature of Justice?

28. Socrates places justice in which

category of good things: good for their own sake and for their consequences,

good for their own sake, good for their consequences.

Good for their own sake and for their consequences

29. Most people would place

justice into what category?

Good

for the consequences

30. How does Glaucon argue that the

life of the unjust man is better than that of the just man?

While parents appear to train children to be just, they do so by

emphasizing the reward system. SO they learn that the only reason children

should be just is to get awards or avoid punishment which they can acquire by

just appearing to be just.

So the goal should not be to be just but instead to appear to be just

while being perfectly unjust.

31. Glaucon claims that most

people understand justice to arise as a compromise between my desire and fear

and your desire and fear (T/F). Explain

True. What we want most is to kill people and take their stuff. What we

fear most is being killed and our stuff stolen. So justice is a mutual

agreement between neighbors to not kill each other and steal each other’s

stuff.

32.

What is the purpose of the Ring of Gyges myth?

33. What is the height of

injustice?

To appear completely just while actually being completely unjust

34.

Discuss the assumptions regarding human nature at work in the reading for the

course. How do the readings raise the issue and force us to put our own

assumptions into question? Be specific.

35.

If your remove the possibility of both punishment and guilt, can you provide a

reason to be moral?

36. What are the two main components of

the education of the guardians?

·

Gymnastics for the body

·

Music for the soul

o

Includes poetry, painting, dance, music

·

Only ones that are rewritten and

composed by the philosopher kings

37.

Plato believes that human character can be educated such that one immediately

desires what one should. (T/F)

True

38.

What is the noble lie and why is it necessary for the existence of justice in

the city?

39. Name three of the five proscriptions

regarding the censorship of music/poetry in the ideal state.

·

New poetry to portray the gods as good

and just beings

·

Encourage the development of courage in

the face of death

o

New vision of the afterlife- blissful

·

Promote the value of telling the truth

·

No telling of the way that injustice is

more valuable than justice

·

Provide virtuous role models

·

Plato takes the Poets so seriously and has to

take them out of the city and rewrite because art and music and life work so

similarly that Plato is afraid we will be highly influence us (which they do)

40. 41. Name the three classes of

citizens in Plato’s ideal state. What is the purpose of each?

·

Craftsmen

·

Guardians

·

Philosopher Kings

42. The guardians must guard against

the presence of what two things in the city?

·

Wealth

·

Poverty

43.

How is the just city a model or metaphor for the human soul?

44.

The just city displays what four virtues?

·

46.

The guardians are allowed to possess a minimal amount of private property.

(T/F)

False

47.

In Plato’s ideal state, some of the philosopher kings will be women. (T/F)

True

48.

A child born to a guardian could become a cobbler. (T/F)

True

49.

Name the three parts of the soul, according to Plato.

50.

What role does the spirit play in the operations of a just individual?

Myth of the metals – the noble lie

Lying to get people to agree to be put in these classes

(80-81)

We are all fashioned in the bowels of the earth so we all

have metal in our souls. Those who have predominately gold, are natural

leaders. Those with silver make natural soldiers and those with bronze make

natural craftspeople. (This is a strict class structure, you don’t move up or

down from your class. You are stuck. But it isn’t defined by parental lineage,

but instead by skill) So if you are a Guardian and your child shows bronze you

must harden your heart and put them in their proper place. Everyone has their

proper place.

City

Virtues

Metals

Souls

Guardians – Rulers

Wisdom

Gold

Reason

(Logos)

Auxiliaries – Soldiers

Courage

Silver

Spirit

Craftspeople - Everyone Else

Moderation

Bronze

Appetite

Guardians and Soldiers

1. Live

in barracks

2. No personal property (even underwear)

3. No

Privacy

4. No

money

5. No

private relations (sexual relationships and children are shared)

This is to eliminate corruptions.

It wouldn’t make them happy. No, they won’t be the kind of happy that money

brings. But the group will be happy because they will be doing what they do

best

How?

1. Control

edu

a. Children

who are bronze are sent off to learn a skill

2. Population

control

a. The

city must not big or small at all costs

3. Guardians

must guard against the development against both wealth and poverty

a. Who

do you want to make your shoes?

i.

Rich but no need to make you good shoes

ii.

Poor (unable to buy the supplies needed) but the

need to make you great shoes

iii.

Neither

4. Guard

against innovations in music and art

Justice

in state and individual

And

Justice in the city and the soul

The

ring of gyges

Right

is in the Intrest of stronger 15

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