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1. Macroevolution: large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time

A. Mass Extinctions

I. Multiple or a single factor(s) cause the extinguishing of species and wipe out whole ecological systems

B. Adaptive Radiation

I. A species or group of species evolves into many new species

C. Convergent Evolution

I. Unrelated organisms come to resemble each other due to similar environments and environmental demands

D. Coevolution

I. Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time

E. Punctuated Equilibrium

I. Pattern of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

F. Developmental Genes and Body Plans

I. "Master control genes," called hox genes, which establish body plans in animals, can help reveal how evolution occurred

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