The Reformation p2

Page 1

Spread of Calvin's Ideas

Calvin set up schools to train missionaries this spread his ideas to other countries

Calvin trained pastors and then sent them back to France, French Cavinists where known as Huguenots

John Knox took Calvin's teaching back to Scotland and set up a Prebyterian church

The Puritans in England also followed Calvin's teaching and brought some to America

The Reformed church on the Netherlands also began to preach Calvin's ideas

Page 2

The Reformation in England + Ireland

Henry's Problem

Henry VIII was a Catholic who did not support Luther but by the time his reign ended he had broken away from the Catholic church. Henry married Catherine of Aragon after his brother died, they had a daughter but Henry wanted a son to succeed him. He asked the pope to annul their marriage he claimed it was unlawful to marry his dead brothers wife.

The pope refused to annul their marriage. Henry appointed Thomas Cranmer as Archbishop of Canterbury, he granted him a divorce. Henry then married Ann Boleyn. Because of all these changes the pope excommunicated Henry.

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Henry Changes

Henry called a meeting of the parliament, they passed the act of Supremacy making Henry VIII head of the church of England Anybody who refused to take the oath of Supremacy swearing loyalty to Henry could be punished. One of Henrys first acts was to close the monasteries. He took all the land and made it for the crown. he said the monasteries they where badly run, he wanted the wealth and land for himself and the monks where loyal to the pope not him.

Henry's son Edward VI took over and developed Protestantism in England he brought out a Book of Common Prayer. Mary Tudor vrought back catholic religion then Elizabeth took over and made Protestantism official religion of England

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Results of the Reformation in England

The monarch became head of the church of England

The parliament became more powerful

England was united behind the crown

Page 5

The Reformation in Ireland

the English kings and Queens introduced the same religious changes in Ireland

but failed to convert the Irish

the catholic church was loosing followers and had to act.

Page 6

The Council of Trent

The council of Trent was a meeting of cardinals, bishops to reform the catholic church. they met in the city of Trentino, they discussed matters of faith what the catholic church should believe in.

1. Faith and good works were necessary for salvation

2. The word of God was found in the bible and the teachings of the church

3. there are seven sacraments

4. Priests where special people and where not permitted to get married and the pope was the one true leader of then church

the efforts made by the catholic church to reform itself is called the Counter Reformation

Rules from the council of Trent

the council outlawed the abuses simony, nepotism and pluralism

Catholics must be taught using a catechism (book questioning the teachings)

images of Christ and Mary must be placed around the church

Results from the Council of Trent

1. the catholic religion remained the most important religion in Europe

2. there where great dividers between the Catholics and protestants which started wars between religions

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Religious Orders : The Jesuits

The Jesuits were formed by Ignatius of Loyola who devoted his life to Christ. The leader was called the Governor-General. The Jesuits saw their jobs as spreading the faith, they founded schools and college. The Jesuits became missionaries, the Jesuits maintained Catholicism in countries such as Austria, Poland and Ireland

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The Court of Inquisition

The inquisition was a court of the catholic church.

it tried people accused of heresy using torture to make people confess

people who confessed where punished by wearing special garments or whipped

those who refused to change their views where burned at the stake

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Results of the Reformation

1. Europe Divided Europe was divided into catholic and protestants. south Europe was mostly catholic and northern Europe protestant.

2. Wars of Religion conflict over religion led to civil wars such as Spain, France and England in some cases led to wars between countries.

3. Intolerance and Persecution Catholics and Protestants persecuted each-other kings and queens believed only those of the same religion could be loyal

4. Art and Architecture catholic churches had a Renaissance style protestants churches where plain

5. Education education became more important protestants wanted to be able to read the bible