Egypt beyond the pyramids - created from Mind Map

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material culture

human response to the enviroment

development of states and empires

Predynastic period 4500-3000bc and esrly dynastic period 2950-2575bc' scarre 2005'

old kingdom and first intermediate 2575-1975bc 'scarre 2005'

Middle kingdom and second interdediate 1975-1540bc 'scarre 2005'

New kingdom and tird intermediate period 1540-715bc 'scarre 2005'

emergene of writing

step pyramid a saqqara built (3rd dynasty)

crucial to state formation

independent development

started pyramid buildign tradtion

extrodinary resources devoted to buiral and worship of a decesed ruler

boats found in mortuary complexes

pyramid building resumed on a smaller scale

the pyramid of senworset II

one of many public buidlign projects on the middle kingdom

Town of Kahun built 1895bc 'David 1996'

mortuary temple still standing in the 18th dynasty (destroyed in the 19th)

regularly planned city designed by same architect

excavated by flinders petrie in 1888-1890

all materials excavated were objects of daily life

walls on four sides (reclantular in shape)

same architect as pyramid

most important buildign is the acropolis

streets and houses laid out in regular lines

walls of houses built of mud-brick (plastered with Dado)

different iszed houses indicating varying levels of wealth in the town. Multiple officials houses

occupied with one house

one of the first to be abandoned

beliefes in life after death led to greta expense spent on mummification and tomb building

Dier el Medina

state projects required workers who were built workers villages 'llyod 2010'

deir el medina spaned over several projects in the valley of the kings

favored specialists employed to decorate the tombs

high degree of literacy compared to other towns

had both a main village and work mens cottages

Nile hasregular flooding, allows for good agricultural land

Predynastic period 4500-3000bc and esrly dynastic period 2950-2575bc' scarre 2005'

old kingdom and first intermediate 2575-1975bc 'scarre 2005'

Middle kingdom and second interdediate 1975-1540bc 'scarre 2005'

New kingdom and tird intermediate period 1540-715bc 'scarre 2005'

Main crops: emmer wheat, barley, lentile , chickpeas, fruit, sesame, flax

increased sedidentism = population growth

metulergric knowlesge of iron and copper = greater farming efficentcy

irragation important

king inflenced regular flooding with gods

irragation sysytem continued to be used

not much change in technology of irragation

Predynastic period 4500-3000bc and esrly dynastic period 2950-2575bc' scarre 2005'

old kingdom and first intermediate 2575-1975bc 'scarre 2005'

Middle kingdom and second interdediate 1975-1540bc 'scarre 2005'

New kingdom and third intermediate period 1540-715bc 'scarre 2005'

significant population centres exist by 4th milleium

sprawling and low density

evidence mostly destroyed due to shitign nile sediments

people had faith in ruler in his ability to commuicate with the gods and gain favor

powerfull central state weakening over time

more autocratic government

well organized taxation system

era of relative stablity

state maintained control through less despotic pharohs and substantial burecracy

capital at memphis

egyptian power expanded southward

egypt became a greta imperial power, access to nubian gold