Classical

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Chamber Music

Setting: Intimate, room or palace

Size: 2 to 9 ppl, 1 player to a part

String Quartet : Fast, Slow, Scherzo, Fast

Lighter in sound than orchestral

Fashionable for aristocrats to play or hire

Musicians have to be sensitive and coordinate dynamics and phrasing with others

Accessibility and simplicity was key

one melodic line (violin) with accompaniment

Improvisation was common

Played by amateurs for enjoyment

Other forms: Piano Trio, String Quintet

Composers: J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, L. V. Beethoven

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Classical Sonata

Multi-Movements

Form: f (sonata form) - s - f (Rondo/ Sonata Rondo)

Form: f- s - Minuet Trio/Scherzo - f

Instrumentation: Piano Solo, keyboard + violin/cello

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Classical Concerto

3 Movements

Soloist accompanied by orchestra (equal importance)

Balance

Double Exposition ---> Development ---> Recap ---> Cadenza (only soloist) ---> Coda (no soloist)

Sub.1 --(bridge)-> Sub.2 Sub.1 ---> Sub.2

Tonic --(bridge)-> relative Tonic--(altered B.)>Tonic

3rd movement (rondo / theme & variations)

Cadenza

Improvised

fermata over dissonant chord, end with trill

Composers: J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, L.V. Beethoven

Transitional: C. P. E Bach, J. C. Bach

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Classical Symphony

3 Movements initially: f - s - f

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4 Movements: f - s - Minuet & Trio - f

(Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven)

Scherzo ---> Beethoven

abrupt dynamic changes

1st : Sonata form, brisk

2nd: lyrical & song-like, ternary/ themes & variations/ sonata form

3rd: Minuet & Trio / Scherzo

4th: Light-hearted, Rondo/ Sonata/ Sonata Rondo/Theme & Variations