Quiz
Memory loss & unlearning
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Perguntas do quiz (22)
1What is Pavlovian learning an example of?
- AA declarative memory
- BA non-declarative memory
- CAn explicit memory
2Memories formed in non-associative and Pavlovian learning have to retrieved from a store
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
3It is possible to form two kinds of memory at once
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4[blank_start]Formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]declarative[blank_end] memory does not necessarily [blank_start]accompany[blank_end] formation of [blank_start]non-declarative[blank_end] memory.
The two [blank_start]types[blank_end] of [blank_start]memory[blank_end] involve different [blank_start]components[blank_end] of the [blank_start]central[blank_end] [blank_start]nervous[blank_end] system.
This was first [blank_start]demonstrated[blank_end] in [blank_start]amnesic[blank_end] patients.
- AFormation
- Bdeclarative
- Caccompany
- Dnon-declarative
- Ememory
- Ftypes
- Gcomponents
- Hcentral
- Inervous
- Jdemonstrated
- Kamnesic
5Which of these are true of anterograde amnesia?
- Aloss of memory about life experienced prior to damage
- Binability to remember life experienced after damage
- Closs of existing long-term declarative memories
- Dloss of ability to form new long-term declarative memories
- Eloss of identity
- Fmemory impairments are confined to declarative memory
- Gcan form new long-term non-declarative memories
6How could psychologists test whether patients with anterograde amnesia can form long-term non-declarative memories?
- AMirror drawing tasks
- BRecall tests
- CSee if they recognise them when they return
7Where is the hippocampus?
- ATemporal lobe
- BPrefrontal lobe
- CParietal lobe
- DOccipital lobe
8The [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is a [blank_start]key[blank_end] region in [blank_start]anterograde[blank_end] amnesia. Damage causes impairment of [blank_start]long-term[blank_end] [blank_start]declarative[blank_end] memory [blank_start]formation[blank_end]. Damage to the [blank_start]neighbouring[blank_end] regions [blank_start]doesn't[blank_end] cause this impairment.
However, this is not the only damage that leads to amnesia: [blank_start]Korsakoff's syndrome[blank_end] results in amnesia ([blank_start]anterograde and retrograde[blank_end]) that affects [blank_start]declarative memory[blank_end]. The [blank_start]neuropathology[blank_end] in [blank_start]Korsakoff's[blank_end] is widespread but there is [blank_start]little[blank_end] effect on the hippocampus.
This suggests that there is [blank_start]another[blank_end] [blank_start]cause[blank_end] for the amnesia.
- Ahippocampus
- Bkey
- Canterograde
- Dlong-term
- Edeclarative
- Fformation
- Gneighbouring
- Hdoesn't
- IKorsakoff's syndrome
- Janterograde and retrograde
- Kdeclarative memory
- Lneuropathology
- MKorsakoff's
- Nlittle
- Oanother
- Pcause
9What would happen if a group of normal people and a group of anterograde amnesics (with hippocampal damage) were exposed to an eye-blink conditioning procedure? The participants watched a movie and a delay procedure with a delay interval of 1.25s was used.
- ANormal participants acquired CRs
- BAmnesics acquired CRs
- CNormal participants formed a declarative memory of having undergone the procedure
- DAmnesics formed a declarative memory of having undergone the procedure
- EAll normal participants noticed the CS-US relationship
- FAll amnesics noticed the CS-US relationship
- GAmnesics did not form a declarative memory of the procedure
- HNormal participants did not form a declarative memory of the procedure
10The same results would have been produced if a trace conditioning procedure had been used instead of a delay procedure.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
11Removal of [blank_start]hippocampi[blank_end] [blank_start]prior to[blank_end] conditioning = [blank_start]CR[blank_end]s acquired if [blank_start]delay[blank_end] procedure is used but not the [blank_start]trace[blank_end] procedure
This indicates that the hippocampus is needed for [blank_start]trace[blank_end] conditioning
Perhaps the role of the hippocampus is to r[blank_start]etain[blank_end] information about the [blank_start]CS[blank_end] over the trace interval
Removal of [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] [blank_start]after[blank_end] conditioning = [blank_start]CR[blank_end]s acquired with [blank_start]trace[blank_end] procedure are [blank_start]not[blank_end] abolished
Loss of the hippocampus prevents [blank_start]new[blank_end] [blank_start]CR[blank_end]s being acquired but doesn't abolish [blank_start]old[blank_end] ones
- Ahippocampi
- Bbefore
- Cdelay
- Dtrace
- Etrace
- Fetain
- GCR
- HCS
- Ihippocampi
- Jafter
- KCR
- Ltrace
- Mnot
- Nnew
- OCR
- Pold
12These results are consistent with a role for the hippocampus in the acquisition of memories when info needs to be retained over time.
Therefore the hippocampus must be needed for retention
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
13Dishabituation undoes the effects of short-term habituation.
Is this an example of memory erasure or erasure/suppression of the means of accessing the memory?
- ADishabituation erases the effects produced during training
- BIt erases the means by which memory is accessed
- CIt does something that cannot be described as erasure of memory or the means of access
- DIt erases both memory and means of access
14There are two ways of actively '[blank_start]undoing[blank_end]' the effects of [blank_start]learning[blank_end]:
1) [blank_start]Erasure[blank_end] - [blank_start]erase[blank_end] memory/means of [blank_start]retrieval[blank_end] (memory is [blank_start]lost[blank_end])
2) [blank_start]Suppression[blank_end] - [blank_start]suppress[blank_end] memory/means of memory (memory is [blank_start]still there[blank_end] but can't be used)
[blank_start]Extinction[blank_end] procedures follow [blank_start]conditioning[blank_end] and involve presenting the [blank_start]CS[blank_end] without the [blank_start]US[blank_end]. This results in a reduction in [blank_start]CR[blank_end]s.
However, several observations suggest that this is [blank_start]not[blank_end] due to an [blank_start]erasure[blank_end] of the [blank_start]memory[blank_end] learned during conditioning.
- Aundoing
- Blearning
- CErasure
- Dretrieval
- Elost
- Fstill there
- GSuppression
- Herase
- Isuppress
- JExtinction
- Kconditioning
- LCS
- MUS
- NCR
- Onot
- Perasure
- Qmemory
15Spontaneous recovery tends to be greater for longer intervals
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
16If a rat is conditioned in context A, transferred to context B where extinction takes place and then moved either back to A or into context C, what is this a test for?
- ASpontaneous recovery
- BRenewal
- CReinstatement
17Renewal effect is stronger in the ABC context sequence than it is in the ABA sequence
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
18What happens in reinstatement?
- AThe CS again elicits the CR
- BAfter a few days the behaviour reappears
- CThere is no extinction
- DAfter extinction, subject is presented with aversive stimulus (e.g. US from training)
- EWhen rat no longer freezes at tone, shock is presented alone. Rat then freezes when tone sounds
19These observations indicate that the learned changes ([blank_start]memories[blank_end]) acquired as a result of training are [blank_start]not[blank_end] [blank_start]erased[blank_end] by extinction procedures.
[blank_start]Extinction[blank_end] procedures do not erase what has previously been learned. It is just [blank_start]suppressed[blank_end].
[blank_start]Exposure[blank_end] [blank_start]therapies[blank_end] for the treatment of [blank_start]phobias[blank_end] are a kind of [blank_start]extinction[blank_end] procedure - such therapies may not remove the [blank_start]cause[blank_end] (as previous learning is only suppressed).
This might lead to the phobia [blank_start]returning[blank_end] - e.g. [blank_start]renewal[blank_end] (early experience = A; therapy = B; outside world = C) or [blank_start]reinstatement[blank_end] (bitten -> fear; therapy-> extinction; bitten again -> fear returns)
- Amemories
- Bnot
- Cerased
- Dsuppressed
- Eextinction
- Ftherapies
- GExposure
- HExtinction
- Iphobias
- Jreturning
- Krenewal
- Lreinstatement
- Mcause
20The n[blank_start]eural[blank_end] process that produces s[blank_start]uppression[blank_end] is i[blank_start]nhibition[blank_end].
The result of new learning (during [blank_start]extinction[blank_end]) is an i[blank_start]nhibitory[blank_end] s[blank_start]timulus[blank_end]-r[blank_start]esponse[blank_end] connection.
The conditional reflex pathway ([blank_start]memory[blank_end]) is intact but the [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] pathway formed ([blank_start]extinction[blank_end]) prevents the C[blank_start]R[blank_end] from occuring
- Aeural
- Buppression
- Cnhibition
- Dextinction
- Enhibitory
- Ftimulus
- Gesponse
- Hinhibitory
- Imemory
- Jextinction
- KR
21Why is suppression more beneficial than erasure?
- AExtinction is context sensitive
- BErasure removes more memories associated with the learning
- CSuppression is easier
22Context sensitive suppression of prior learning means that what has been learned is not completely lost, but is available in contexts where it might still be useful and relevant
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
Informações
- Descrição
- Degree Psychology (Brain & Behaviour) Quiz sobre Memory loss & unlearning, criado por Rebecca Dunn em 03-05-2018.
- Autor
- Rebecca Dunn
- Idioma
- English
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