Quiz
Chapter 4
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Perguntas do quiz (20)
1Which of the following potentially allows researchers to establish that the treatments "cause" changes in the responses?
- AAn observational study
- Ban experiment
2In an experiment, subjects choose their treatment.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
3We can establish causation whenever a random sample is taken.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
4Which of the following describes confounding?
- AA condition where the effect of one variable on the response variable changes depending on the level of another variable.
- BA condition where the effect of one variable on the response variable cannot be separated from the effect of another variable.
- CA condition where the effect of one treatment on the response variable is different from the effect of another treatment on the response variable.
5An experiment was designed using school children as subjects to determine whether drinking milk prevented their catching colds. The researcher randomly assigned 100 school children to the two groups - one group of 50 to receive a cup of milk at school each day and the other group of 50 to receive no milk at school. What is a potential lurking variable?
- AWhether the child drank milk at school
- BWhether the child caught a cold
- CWhether the child was frail or robust at the beginning of the experiment
- DWhether the child was a good student or a poor student
6In a random digit telephone survey, homeless people or people with only cell phones do not have telephones that can be called with random digit dialing. What type of bias is this?
- ANon-response bias
- BUndercoverage bias
- CResponse bias due to respondent lying or deliberately giving incorrect information
- DResponse bias due to question wording
- EResponse bias due to interviewer influences
7Two hundred twenty-eight surveyed parents reported the amount of caffeine their 8 to 12 year old children consumed on a typical day. They also gave the average time their children slept each night. The purpose of the study was to determine whether amount of caffeine consumed affected how much children 8 to 12 years old sleep. What type of study is this?
- AObservational study
- BExperiment
8Referring to the study described in question 7, what is a potential lurking variable?
- ASugar content: Children may consume caffeinated beverages that also contain sugar, which could affect their sleep patterns.
- BTime of day: Caffeine consumed in the morning may have less effect on sleep patterns than caffeine consumed at night.
- CAge: Older children may be less affected by caffeine than younger children.
- DAll of the above
9Two hundred twenty-eight children in a study were assigned to one of three groups. Group one was required to consume 5 mg of caffeine or less each day, Group two was required to consume 5-20 mg of caffeine a day, and Group three was required to consume more than 20 mg of caffeine per day. At the end of three weeks, their parents reported the average amount of sleep their child got each night. What type of study is this?
- Aobservational study
- Bexperiment
10To determine whether there is a relationship between amount of time spent commuting to work each day and overall job satisfaction, a researcher surveyed 100 people that commute to work and asked them to report the average number of minutes they spent commuting to and from work each day during the previous week and rate their job satisfaction on a scale from 1 to 10. What is the response variable in this example?
- AAmount of time spent commuting to work each day
- BOverall job satisfaction
11On August 27, 1995, an article in the Los Angeles Times reported that in its survey of 3297 California adults, 2780 (83.4%) had health insurance coverage. These results have a margin of error of ± 1.4%. What type of study is being described?
- AObservational study
- BExperiment
- CNeither an observational study nor an experiment
12A study of computer-assisted learning examined the learning of "Blissymbols" by children. Blissymbols are pictographs (think of Egyptian hieroglyphs) that are sometimes used to help learning-impaired children communicate. The researcher designed two computer lessons that taught the same content using the same examples. One lesson required the children to interact with the material, while in the other the children controlled only the pace of the lesson. Call these two styles "Active" and "Passive", respectively. Children were assigned at random to Active and Passive groups. After the lesson, the computer presented a quiz that asked the children to identify 56 Blissymbols. What type of study is this?
- AObservational study
- BExperiment
13Two hundred twenty-eight children in a study were assigned to one of three groups. Group one was required to consume 5 mg of caffeine or less each day, Group two was required to consume 5-20 mg of caffeine a day, and Group three was required to consume more than 20 mg of caffeine per day. At the end of three weeks, their parents reported the average amount of sleep their child got each night. What is the explanatory variable?
- AThe average amount of sleep a child got each night.
- BGetting more than 20 mg of caffeine per day.
- CThe amount of caffeine a child got each day.
- DThose who were in group three.
14Cause and effect relationships cannot be established from observational studies because the explanatory variable is usually confounded with lurking variables.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
15What is the major difference between an observational study and an experiment?
- ASubjects choose their treatment in an experiment.
- BResearchers assign treatments to subjects in an experiment.
- CExperiments frequently have confounding between two variables in their effect on the response variable.
16In a random digit telephone survey, neither people who are homeless nor people who only own a cell phone have land-line telephones that can be called with random digit dialing. What type of bias is this?
- AUndercoverage bias
- BNon-response bias
- CResponse bias due to respondent lying or deliberately giving incorrect information
- DResponse bias due to question wording
- EResponse bias due to interviewer influences
17We can establish causation whenever a valid sample (simple random sample, stratified sample, multistage sample, etc.) is taken.
- AVerdadeiro
- BFalso
18What type of bias results when people respond differently to questions asked by male interviewers than they do to questions asked by female interviewers?
- AUndercoverage bias
- BNonresponse bias
- CResponse bias due to respondent lying or deliberately giving incorrect information
- DResponse bias due to question wording
- EResponse bias due to interviewer effect
19Consider the following two survey questions:
Question 1: How satisfied are you with your current job: very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, very dissatisfied?
Question 2: What do you think can be improved about your job?
Are these examples of open or closed questions?- AQuestion 1 is an open question and Question 2 is a closed question
- BQuestion 1 is a closed question and Question 2 is an open question
- CBoth are open questions
- DBoth are closed questions
20When are two variables said to be confounded?
- AWhen both have the same effect on the response variable.
- BWhen their effects on the response variable cannot be distinguished from each other.
- CWhen both variables are explanatory variables.
- DWhen both variables are treatment variables.
Informações
- Descrição
- Statistics Quiz sobre Chapter 4, criado por sarah wood em 24-01-2019.
- Autor
- sarah wood
- Idioma
- English
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