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Sporting Futures USA | SAT Prep | Critical Reading 1.1

SportingFutures USA 20 perguntas 5,0 (1 avaliação)

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  1. 1Please Read the Passage below and answer the Question at the bottom -

    Topic: Short Single Passage


    1 Since the dawn of fashion in the West some seven
    2 hundred years ago, probably no other article of clothing
    3 has in the course of its evolution more fully served as a
    4 vehicle for the expression of ambivalences and
    5 ambiguities than blue jeans. Some of the social history
    6 supporting this statement is by now generally well
    7 known. First fashioned in the mid-nineteenth-century
    8 American West by Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian
    9 Jewish peddler newly arrived in San Francisco, the
    10 trousers, then as now, were made from a sturdy,
    11 indigo-based cotton cloth said to have originated in
    12 Nimes, France. A garment similar to that manufactured
    13 by Levi Strauss for gold-miners and outdoor laborers
    14 is said to have been worn earlier in France by sailors
    15 and dockworkers from Genoa, Italy, who were referred
    16 to as "genes;" hence the term "jeans." The distinctive
    17 copper riveting at the pants pockets and other stress
    18 points was the invention of Jacob Davis, a tailor from
    19 Carson City, Nevada, who joined the Levi Strauss firm
    20 in 1873, some twenty years after the garment's intro-
    21 duction. Years later the working man's garment
    22 attained the prominence and near-universal recogni-
    23 tion it possesses today. For it was not until the late
    24 1960s that blue jeans, after several failed moves in
    25 previous decades into a broader mass market, strik-
    26 ingly crossed over nearly all class, gender, age,
    27 regional, national, and ideological lines to become the
    28 universally worn and widely accepted item of apparel
    29 they are today. And since the crossover, enthusiasm
    30 for them has by no means been confined to North
    31 America and Western Europe. In former Soviet bloc
    32 countries and much of the Third World, too, where they
    33 have generally been in short supply, they remain highly
    34 sought after and hotly bargained over.

    35 A critical feature of this cultural breakthrough is, of
    36 course, blue jeans' identity change from a garment
    37 associated exclusively with work (and hard work, at
    38 that) to one invested with many of the symbolic
    39 attributes of leisure: ease, comfort, casualness,
    40 sociability, and the outdoors. Or, as the costume
    41 historians Jasper and Roach-Higgins (1987) might put
    42 it, the garment underwent a process of cultural
    43 authentication that led to its acquisition of meanings
    44 quite different from those with which it began. In
    45 bridging the work/leisure divide when they did, jeans
    46 tapped into the new, consumer-goods-oriented,
    47 postindustrial affluence of the West on a massive
    48 scale. Soon thereafter jeans penetrated those many
    49 other parts of the world that emulate the West.


    Question: Which of the following would provide the most fitting subject for a subsequent paragraph to the passage?
    1. Asuggestions for consumers on where to find authentic jeans
    2. Bthe different styles of jeans manufactured in various countries
    3. Ccommon accessories worn with jeans
    4. Dsales figures for jeans in the U.S.
    5. Epredictions for the design and sale of jeans in future markets
  2. 2Please Read the Passage below and answer the Question at the bottom -

    Topic: Short Single Passage


    1 Since the dawn of fashion in the West some seven
    2 hundred years ago, probably no other article of clothing
    3 has in the course of its evolution more fully served as a
    4 vehicle for the expression of ambivalences and
    5 ambiguities than blue jeans. Some of the social history
    6 supporting this statement is by now generally well
    7 known. First fashioned in the mid-nineteenth-century
    8 American West by Morris Levi Strauss, a Bavarian
    9 Jewish peddler newly arrived in San Francisco, the
    10 trousers, then as now, were made from a sturdy,
    11 indigo-based cotton cloth said to have originated in
    12 Nimes, France. A garment similar to that manufactured
    13 by Levi Strauss for gold-miners and outdoor laborers
    14 is said to have been worn earlier in France by sailors
    15 and dockworkers from Genoa, Italy, who were referred
    16 to as "genes;" hence the term "jeans." The distinctive
    17 copper riveting at the pants pockets and other stress
    18 points was the invention of Jacob Davis, a tailor from
    19 Carson City, Nevada, who joined the Levi Strauss firm
    20 in 1873, some twenty years after the garment's intro-
    21 duction. Years later the working man's garment
    22 attained the prominence and near-universal recogni-
    23 tion it possesses today. For it was not until the late
    24 1960s that blue jeans, after several failed moves in
    25 previous decades into a broader mass market, strik-
    26 ingly crossed over nearly all class, gender, age,
    27 regional, national, and ideological lines to become the
    28 universally worn and widely accepted item of apparel
    29 they are today. And since the crossover, enthusiasm
    30 for them has by no means been confined to North
    31 America and Western Europe. In former Soviet bloc
    32 countries and much of the Third World, too, where they
    33 have generally been in short supply, they remain highly
    34 sought after and hotly bargained over.

    35 A critical feature of this cultural breakthrough is, of
    36 course, blue jeans' identity change from a garment
    37 associated exclusively with work (and hard work, at
    38 that) to one invested with many of the symbolic
    39 attributes of leisure: ease, comfort, casualness,
    40 sociability, and the outdoors. Or, as the costume
    41 historians Jasper and Roach-Higgins (1987) might put
    42 it, the garment underwent a process of cultural
    43 authentication that led to its acquisition of meanings
    44 quite different from those with which it began. In
    45 bridging the work/leisure divide when they did, jeans
    46 tapped into the new, consumer-goods-oriented,
    47 postindustrial affluence of the West on a massive
    48 scale. Soon thereafter jeans penetrated those many
    49 other parts of the world that emulate the West.


    Question: Which statement, if true, would best support the author's argument in lines 23-29?
    1. AIn the 1930s, the Levi Strauss company launched a successful campaign to popularize jeans amongst Americans of all social classes.
    2. BIn the 1950s, upper-class parents encouraged their children to wear jeans as play clothes.
    3. CIn the 1940s, jeans were worn exclusively by working-class men.
    4. DIn the 1970s, women rarely wore jeans, which were considered to be a masculine garment.
    5. EJeans didn't gain popularity in the southern region of the U.S. until the 1980s.
  3. 3Please Read the Passage below and answer the Question at the bottom -

    Topic: Long Single Passage


    1 Introversion is a personality attitude identified by the
    2 Swiss psychologist Carl G. Jung. For people with a
    3 preference for introversion, internal processing of an
    4 experience is more important than the experience
    5 itself; hence, introverts seek a lot of time alone to do
    6 that processing. They can process in the presence of
    7 others, but they must be detached and quiet so their
    8 attention can be turned inward. A crucial thing to
    9 understand about a relationship with an introvert
    10 is not to take his or her need for "cave time" personally.
    11 It is like a need for food or sleep.

    12 Extroversion is also a personality attitude identified
    13 by Carl Jung. Extroverts are talkative, enthusiastic,
    14 sociable, and confident; they often have many friends.
    15 They are very interested in the external world and want
    16 to spend lots of their energy exploring it. They tend
    17 to act first and think later, unlike introverts, who usually
    18 do the opposite. They recharge by getting out of the
    19 house, going out and being active.

    20 Since we all have both an introvert and an extrovert
    21 inside of us, we may be presented with only the extro-
    22 verted side of someone when we first meet him or
    23 her. Once you get to know an introvert better, he or she
    24 may seem like a different person. The primary way to
    25 identify a preference for introversion is to look at where
    26 the person goes to recharge. If the person seeks soli-
    27 tude, he or she is probably an introvert. (Note that extro-
    28 verts have an introverted side that needs some quiet
    29 time too; it's just not their primary orientation.)

    30 Probably seventy-five percent of Americans are
    31 extroverts, as you might guess from even a cursory
    32 inspection of our advertising, news, and other
    33 aspects of our culture. Not all societies are so
    34 biased toward extroversion. American children
    35 with a propensity for introversion may not be allowed
    36 to indulge their preference; instead, they may be
    37 encouraged to put their books down and go outside,
    38 told by their parents to "get out there," "get involved,"
    39 and "just do it."

    40 Different eras and occasions of our life require us
    41 to be more extroverted than others. For example,
    42 adolescents, who are preparing to leave home
    43 and meet new people, tend to be extroverts. However,
    44 if an adolescent extrovert has not yet discovered
    45 his or her introverted self, he or she will probably
    46 find a healthy need for more downtime as he or she
    47 ages. Jung believed that the psyche seeks balance. A
    48 Jungian scholar writes, "Until we become thoroughly
    49 aware of the inadequacy of our extroverted state and of
    50 its insufficiency in regard to our deeper spiritual needs,
    51 we shall not achieve even a measure of individuation,
    52 through which a wider and more mature personality
    53 emerges."


    Question: The best meaning of the word "cursory" (line 31) is ________.
    1. Athorough
    2. Bbrief
    3. Csincere
    4. Dunauthorized
    5. Edetached
  4. 4Please Read the Passages below and answer the Question at the bottom.

    Topic: Short Paired Passages.
    PASSAGE 1 -

    1 When Americans are asked to rank professions in
    2 terms of honesty and ethics, insurance agents
    3 routinely end up near the bottom of the list-some-
    4 where between politicians and car salesmen.
    5 Generally, insurers are seen as clever hucksters who
    6 prey on insecurity and ignorance to sell people what
    7 they don't need at prices they shouldn't have to pay.
    8 So you might have thought that the industry's image
    9 couldn't get much worse. Then Eliot Spitzer, the New
    10 York State attorney general, filed a lawsuit against
    11 the giant insurance broker Marsh & McLennan,
    12 describing instances of bribery, price-fixing, and all-
    13 around corruption. The suit forced the resignation,
    14 last week, of Jeffrey Greenberg, Marsh's C.E.O., and,
    15 by implicating Marsh's collaborators and rivals, made
    16 the insurance game appear even seamier than before.

    PASSAGE 2 -

    17 Insurance agents do not have a monopoly on getting
    18 customers into fraudulent investments. But right now
    19 a confluence of factors has made insurance agents
    20 catalysts for peddling them. They have a clientele of
    21 willing, sometimes desperate buyers, since interest
    22 rates on safe, fixed-income investments have
    23 declined practically to zero. Many people, particularly
    24 the elderly, are now looking for income to replace
    25 what they've lost. Con artists with investments to sell
    26 have capitalized on insurance agents' all-too-human
    27 hunger for extra earnings, convincing many of them
    28 to defraud their clients by promising to share profits.
    29 Con artists focus on insurance agents because the
    30 agents, having earned the trust of their customers,
    31 have intimate knowledge of their clients' finances;
    32 however, by recommending investments that they
    33 know to be swindles, the insurance agents prove
    34 themselves to be undeserving of that trust.


    Question: The authors of Passage 1 and Passage 2 would most likely agree on which of the following statements?
    1. AThe elderly are prime targets for insurance agents and con artists.
    2. BMost people are foolish to ever purchase any kind of insurance.
    3. CSome insurance agents are willing to sacrifice morals for monetary rewards.
    4. DInsurance agents are fueling the growth of con artists in America.
    5. EMany more lawsuits against large insurance agencies are forthcoming.
  5. 5Please Read the Passages below and answer the Question at the bottom.

    Topic: Long Single Passage.


    1 Weather forecasts specific to wild land fire have been
    2 provided since as early as 1916, when the U.S. Weath-
    3 er Bureau was still a part of the U.S. Department of
    4 Agriculture. In the last decade, though, the fire weather
    5 program has been a repeated target of budget cuts.
    6 An agreement between the National Weather Service
    7 (NWS) and federal land management agencies speci-
    8 fies that meteorological support will be provided for
    9 wild land fire. The NWS, however, is struggling through
    10 a nationwide Modernization and Associated
    11 Restructuring (MAR), and the fire community is more
    12 than a little worried about the degradation of services
    13 that may result.

    14 One of the key pieces of MAR is the phasing out of
    15 meteorologists who specialize in fire weather. These
    16 people are being moved, transferred, re-assigned, or
    17 otherwise attritioned out of fire weather forecasting.
    18 The NWS contends that its core staff of generalists can
    19 do a better job than the fire weather specialists did,
    20 with the help of new forecast technology. This new-
    21 and-improved technology, however, has proved to be
    22 less helpful than expected; it wasn't ready on time and
    23 its quality is questionable. In addition, MAR will close
    24 the former specialized fire weather offices; the fire
    25 meteorologists, or "fire mets," will be absorbed into the
    26 staffs of the new modernized offices, where they will
    27 take on additional forecast duties including aviation
    28 meteorology, hydrology, marine forecasting, and
    29 severe weather warnings. MAR's planned transition,
    30 though, has been stalling, partly because of problems
    31 with the technology, partly because of budget short-
    32 falls, and partly because of objections from the wild
    33 land fire community.

    34 The fire agencies -- the U.S. Forest Service, Bureau of
    35 Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish &
    36 Wildlife Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs -- see
    37 clearly the connection between fire weather and safety.
    38 But the NWS has not acknowledged the value of or the
    39 need for dedicated fire weather specialists who are
    40 familiar with local conditions and weather patterns,
    41 and their relevance to fire behavior. The NWS does not
    42 seem to understand the connection between these
    43 meteorologists and safety -- in fact, the NWS does a
    44 dismal job of tracking statistics on the injuries,
    45 fatalities, and property damage caused by fire weather.
    46 Private for-profit weather companies lobbied Congress
    47 to transfer weather services away from government
    48 agencies without any understanding of the program-
    49 matic structure which is needed in order to maintain
    50 timely and accurate fire weather forecasts, and Con-
    51 gress has, in turn, slashed funding for the programs.
    52 The cumulative effect of these factors has created an
    53 explosive situation that has fire agencies worried, and
    54 NWS management scrambling for a solution.


    Question: According to the passage, how is MAR creating problems for fire forecasting?
    1. AIt's replacing the easy to use, but older, technologies with more complex new technologies.
    2. BIt's making the fire mets feel underappreciated.
    3. CIt's stripping the funding from fire meteorology.
    4. DIt's slashing the salaries of the fire mets.
    5. EIt's moving the current fire mets into other areas of meteorology.
  6. 6Topic: Sentence Completion, Vocabulary-in-Context

    Question:

    The ________ cream should help to ________ the pain caused by your dry skin.

    Select the words that best complete the sentence.
    1. Afine . . exacerbate
    2. Bmilky . . aggravate
    3. Ccoarse . . pacify
    4. Dslippery . . alleviate
    5. Eemollient . . mollify
  7. 7Read the Passage Below and Answer the Question at the Bottom.

    Topic: Short Single Passage

    1 Photographer Lori Hyde defended criticism that said
    2 her latest work is too pedestrian. "My vision for this
    3 project was to capture images of everyday people in
    4 everyday situations. I want my art to be very
    5 accessible," stated Hyde. She went on to say, "I don't
    6 create art by committee. And I will not ignore the gray
    7 area of our lives. I believe artistic expression is alive
    8 everywhere." Still, some of Hyde's longtime, ardent
    9 supporters acquiesce that her technique is uninspired.


    Question: The word "acquiesce" in line 9 best means which of the following?
    1. Aposit
    2. Bdefend
    3. Cargue
    4. Dagree
    5. Edisagree
  8. 8Read the Passage Below and Answer the Question at the Bottom.

    Topic: Long Single Passage


    1 In the retrospective "Drawn from Life" at the NAB
    2 Gallery, Marion Kryczka, Tom Robinson, and Bob Horn
    3 showcase their drawings, paintings, and mixed media,
    4 reflecting their life-long fascination with the figure as
    5 conceptual art. The artists pay homage to the NAB
    6 tradition of "holding figure drawing workshops for art-
    7 ists to hone their perception and to use drawing as a
    8 starting point as well as a point of departure to see
    9 what is possible." And what is remarkable about this
    10 show is not just the focus on drawing and the use of
    11 traditional materials, but also the depiction of a
    12 "Baroque style" portraying drama, vitality, and move-
    13 ment--filtered through a modern sensibility. This show
    14 is an allegory of art as poetry, transformation, and
    15 social commentary.

    16 Marion Kryczka's series begins with "Emperor of Ice-
    17 Cream," a study in pastel on paper and another in oil
    18 on canvas. Kryczka believes that "painting is like poetry
    19 because both are filled with symbolism and both tell a
    20 story." His series is named after the Wallace Stevens
    21 poem "The Emperor of Ice-Cream," which has been
    22 interpreted by some as celebrating the triumph of life's
    23 pleasures and sensualities over the absoluteness of
    24 death. Stevens re-emphasizes in the poem's last line
    25 that "the only emperor is the emperor of ice-cream,"
    26 perhaps meaning that what matters most is enjoying
    27 life with all one's senses fully engaged, as they are
    28 when eating ice-cream. Kryczka begins his story with a
    29 chair in the foreground of a dimly-lit sitting room, beck-
    30 oning the viewer to come into his world with a front row
    31 seat. In the background, we see two women in profile,
    32 one sitting and the other standing, both looking intently
    33 at what appears to be a painting on the wall.

    34 There is a bowl of ice-cream and a sheaf of wrapped
    35 flowers on a long table, dividing the sitting room and
    36 the doorway to the kitchen, which is bathed in natural
    37 light. We are engaged in a painting that resembles the
    38 17th-century Dutch master Pieter de Hooch with the il-
    39 lusion of real perspective, portrayal of natural light, and
    40 subtle use of color and tone. But, at the same time, the
    41 painting also allows for a sense of modernism with
    42 gestural drawings, a blend of realism and abstraction,
    43 and a push and pull of intimate, close-up space and
    44 receding space. Kryczka draws us deeply into the
    45 world of poetry as painting.

    46 Tom Robinson's series, including portraits, mixed me-
    47 dia figures, and a video presentation of his models,
    48 is "a newer form of art" for the artist. "Hannah" is a
    49 larger-than-life portrait, first drawn gesturally with char-
    50 coal on paper, then enhanced with Adobe Photoshop,
    51 and finally printed on special paper, giving the portrait a
    52 lithographic quality. The drawing resembles the real
    53 person (seen on the video) but seems to emerge as a
    54 character from a Kafkaesque landscape drawn in
    55 Manga.* Her eyes are looking to the side as if she is
    56 attempting to peer over her shoulder without moving
    57 her head, trying to see if someone is following her.
    58 We look closely at her enlarged pupils, trying to un-
    59 cover any hidden images, but there is nothing there
    60 except for reflected light. She could easily become a
    61 Japanese anime heroine, with shifting features and
    62 flowing hair, or a William Kentridge study of sustained
    63 ambiguity. Robinson's drawings, enhanced by his use
    64 of technology and mixed media, engage us with his
    65 view of art as transformation.

    66 Bob Horn's series includes large-scale frontal por-
    67 traitures and smaller drawings of toys and cultural
    68 icons, all drawn with charcoal and white pastel on fine-
    69 art paper. Horn's "Expulsion from the Garden" brings to
    70 mind the early-Renaissance artist Massacio's fresco
    71 of Adam and Eve, and Michelangelo's "The Fall and
    72 Expulsion from the Garden of Eden," with the entice-
    73 ment of the snake and the fall occurring simultane-
    74 ously in the same painting. What is memorable about
    75 these Renaissance-era paintings is the artists' ability
    76 to express real emotional turmoil in the figures--Adam
    77 and Eve feel fear, shame, guilt, sadness, and despair.
    78 But in Horn's tongue-in-cheek interpretation, the expul-
    79 sion reveals a Humpty-Dumpty apple figure looking for-
    80 lornly in the distance, as a bewildered Homer Simpson
    81 in his underwear and a smiling "dime-store Barbie"
    82 march in single file away to oblivion.

    83 In another series, Horn's "Man with Ring" and "Woman
    84 with Ring" evoke Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro**
    85 and his ability to bring a naturalness to his subjects to
    86 highlight their personalities. Horn's realistic style
    87 brings to mind the 19th-century realist Henri Fantin-
    88 Latour, who painted traditional portraits with great
    89 detail in austere, understated compositions. However,
    90 in Horn's portraits, both the man and woman are wear-
    91 ing rings not on their fingers, as they might have in a
    92 Fantin-Latour portrait, but in their noses. Dressed in a
    93 New York Yankees T-shirt, the young African-American
    94 man carries an expression of intelligence, serious-
    95 ness, and wonderment at the same time. Although the
    96 young woman is wearing only a nose ring, her coun-
    97 tenance tells us that she is strong, smart, outgoing,
    98 and playful. Welcome to Bob Horn's world.

    *Manga is a Japanese print cartoon.
    **Chiaroscuro is using light and shadow for dramatic effect.


    Question: Which series of lines presents the best thesis for the passage?
    1. Alines 2-4
    2. Blines 9-13
    3. Clines 13-15
    4. Dlines 5-9
    5. Elines 94-95
  9. 9Topic: Sentence Completion, Logic-Based

    Angela ________ checked her work for any ________ errors.

    Select the words that best complete the sentence.
    1. Acarefully . . ebullient
    2. Bdiligently . . inadvertent
    3. Cvigilantly . . sagacious
    4. Dfrugally . . insipid
    5. Eintentionally . . complaisant
  10. 10Topic: Long Paired Passage


    PASSAGE 1 -

    1 In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt, campaigning for pres-
    2 ident on the Progressive Party ticket, endorsed
    3 compulsory health insurance as part of his platform.
    4 The same year, an organization of progressive econo-
    5 mists started a crusade to make health insurance
    6 mandatory for workers who earned less than $1,200 a
    7 year (about $25,000 today). The cost of the premiums
    8 would be shared by employer and employee (two-fifths
    9 each) and the state. Compulsory health insurance,
    10 proponents argued, would eliminate sickness as a
    11 cause of poverty.

    12 For a few years, it looked as though health-insurance
    13 legislation in the U.S. was inevitable, and advanta-
    14 geous for workers and doctors. With access to prompt
    15 medical care, laborers would be able to return to their
    16 jobs more quickly, keeping their families fed. And
    17 doctors would prosper if a growing number of patients
    18 could pay their fees. More than a dozen state legisla-
    19 tures began considering compulsory health insurance
    20 based on a model bill drafted by a labor group.

    21 But the "professional philanthropists, busybody social
    22 workers, misguided clergymen and hysterical women,"
    23 as an opponent described them, hadn't reckoned on a
    24 mighty resistance movement of some the unlikeliest
    25 political bedfellows in history. They included commer-
    26 cial insurance companies; fraternal organizations;
    27 pharmacists; manufacturers; Samuel Gompers, then
    28 president of the American Federation of Labor, and
    29 some other labor unions; Christian Scientists; assort-
    30 ed xenophobes and anti-Communists; and -- the coup
    31 de grace -- doctors.

    32 Although united in their goal to defeat mandatory insur-
    33 ance, the challengers had wildly different motives.
    34 Commercial insurance companies and fraternal or-
    35 ganizations sold sickness and burial policies and
    36 feared losing business. Pharmacists suspected the
    37 government would start telling patients what medi-
    38 cines to take and how much they should cost. Samuel
    39 Gompers argued that the solution to the problem of ill-
    40 ness was not compulsory insurance but higher wages.
    41 Management didn't want to pay for another benefit,
    42 especially if, as a representative of an industry trade
    43 group argued, "the sickness had been contracted
    44 either through intemperate or licentious living."

    45 America's entry into World War I in 1917 provided an-
    46 other knock against health insurance: It was unAmeri-
    47 can. As California prepared for a referendum on the
    48 issue, commercial insurers published pamphlets
    49 picturing Kaiser Wilhelm II with the caption, "Made in
    50 Germany. Do you want it in California?" (Voters re-
    51 jected the measure.) In Albany, an insurance bill under
    52 consideration by the state Legislature came "straight
    53 from Germany" and was "devilish in principle and
    54 foreign to American ideals," argued Henry W. Berg, a
    55 New York doctor. It never got out of committee.

    56 The AALL also neglected to woo physicians, often ig-
    57 noring their opinions when negotiating the legislation
    58 Most doctors became convinced that health insurance
    59 would insert the dubious judgment of the government
    60 between patient and doctor, and cut their pay. Charles
    61 H. Mayo, president of the American Medical Associa-
    62 tion, urged physicians to be wary of "anything which
    63 reduced the income of the physician" because that
    64 would "limit his training, equipment and efficiency."
    65 In the end, not a single state passed a health insur-
    66 ance law. Henry Seager, one-time head of the AALL
    67 and a Columbia University professor, said, "We are
    68 still so far from considering illness as anything beyond
    69 a private misfortune against which each individual and
    70 each family should protect itself, as best it may, that
    71 Germany's heroic method of attacking it as a national
    72 evil through government machinery seems to us to
    73 belong almost to another planet."

    PASSAGE 2 -

    74 Politicians and pundits lump the terms "health care"
    75 and "health insurance" together as though they are the
    76 same thing. For example, Sen. Max Baucus, Montana
    77 Democrat, recently said, "One in 6 Americans does not
    78 have access to health care. And in my home state of
    79 Montana, an even greater percentage of people have
    80 limited access to health care: 1 in 5 Montanans lack
    81 health insurance."

    82 In reality, however, health care and health insurance
    83 are quite different. Health care is the products and ser-
    84 vices used for the prevention, treatment and manage-
    85 ment of illness. Health insurance, on the other hand, is
    86 a way of paying for health care. Specifically, it is an
    87 agreement whereby the insurer pays for the health
    88 care costs of the insured.

    89 Believing health care and health insurance are the
    90 same thing easily leads to some mistaken, if not
    91 dangerous, notions. It leads to the beliefs that (1) uni-
    92 versal health care and universal health insurance are
    93 the same; and (2) that if a nation has universal health
    94 insurance, where the government pays for every citi-
    95 zen's health care, that nation will have universal health
    96 care, where citizens will have ready access to health
    97 care whenever they need it. As the experience of other
    98 nations shows, however, universal health insurance
    99 often leads to very restricted access to health care.
    100 In nations where the government provides universal
    101 health insurance -- such as Canada, Sweden and the
    102 United Kingdom -- there are few restraints on citizens'
    103 demand for health care. This leads to many citizens
    104 overusing health care and creates a strain on govern-
    105 ment budgets. To keep the costs from exploding, those
    106 governments must restrict access to health care by
    107 using waiting lists, canceling surgeries or delaying
    108 access to new treatments such as prescription drugs.
    109 The consequences can be quite harmful.

    110 In 1997, three patients in Northern Ontario, Canada,
    111 died while on a waiting list to receive heart surgery.
    112 One patient had been waiting more than six months to
    113 receive bypass surgery. In Britain, patient Mavis Skeet's
    114 cancer surgery was canceled four times, during which
    115 time her cancer became inoperable. It is important to
    116 note, however, that all these people had health insur-
    117 ance -- that is, their governments would pay for their
    118 health care. What they did not have was ready access
    119 to treatment. As the Canadian Supreme Court said
    120 upon ruling a ban on private health care as unconstitu-
    121 tional, "access to a waiting list is not access to health care."


    Question: The "proponents" (line 10) of compulsory health insurance in Passage 1 argue that:
    1. Alack of access to medical care negatively affects workers' economic health.
    2. Bpoor health is usually caused by living in poverty.
    3. Cthe majority of Americans cannot afford health insurance.
    4. Dcompulsory health insurance programs prevent people from getting sick.
    5. Ecompulsory health insurance programs lead to an increase in gross national product.

Informações

Descrição
Sporting Futures USA SAT Study Program Mini-Test
Idioma
English
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