Lectures 7-10: Personality (ch 15)

Question 1

Identical twins reared together tend to be about as similar in their personality traits as identical twins reared apart.

Answer

true

Question 2

Environmental factors shared among members of the same family play an important role in the causes of most personality traits in adulthood.

Answer

true

Question 3

Birth order is weakly related to most personality traits.

Answer

true

Question 4

Freud believed that sex was the only important drive in personality.

Answer

true

Question 5

Freudians would say that most persons with very high opinions of themselves have overdeveloped egos.

Answer

true

Question 6

According to Freudians, a given dream symbol (such as a snake) does not have the same underlying meaning for every dreamer.

Answer

true

Question 7

According to Freud, a person who is orally fixated would be likely to drink excessively.

Answer

true

Question 8

One strength of Freudian theory is that many of its predictions are hard to disprove.

Answer

true

Question 9

Most neo-Freudian therapists, such as Adler, placed less emphasis on social influences on personality development than did Freud.

Answer

true

Question 10

For radical behaviourists, our personalities are bundles of habits influenced by learning.

Answer

true

Question 11

Radical behaviourists argue that we are sometimes 'unconscious' of the true causes of our behaviour.

Answer

true

Question 12

Social learning theorists believe that observational learning is a key form of learning in addition to classical and operant conditioning.

Answer

true

Question 13

According to social learning theorists, individuals with an internal locus of control are more prone to depression than individuals with an external locus of control.

Answer

true

Question 14

According to Rogers, human nature is inherently positive.

Answer

true

Question 15

Rogers believed that only severely disturbed people aquire conditions of worth.

Answer

true

Question 16

Maslow claimed that almost all self-actualised individuals are sociable and easy to get along with.

Answer

true

Question 17

Many claims of humanistic models are difficult to test.

Answer

true

Question 18

One limitation of the big five model is that researchers have identified these traits only in American culture.

Answer

true

Question 19

Research demonstrates that after late childhood, the levels of most personality traits virtually never change over the life span.

Answer

true

Question 20

Personality traits typically predict behaviour in a single situation with high levels of accuracy.

Answer

true

Question 21

According to Eysenck, extraverts tend to be less aroused than introverts.

Answer

true

Question 22

Items with low face validity tend to be especially easy for respondents to fake.

Answer

true

Question 23

Simple formulas that can be programmed into computers yeild MMPI-2 interpretations equal or superior to those of experienced clinicians.

Answer

true

Question 24

Adding the Rorschach Inkblot Test to other measures in a test battery sometimes produces significant decreases in validity.

Answer

true

Question 25

The more detailed and specific an astrological horoscope is about someone's personality traits, the more likely that person will perceive it as accurate.

Answer

true

Question 26

Researchers suggest that although students sometimes fall victim to illusory correlation, experienced clinicians do not.

Answer

true

Lectures 7-10: Personality (ch 15)

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