O GoConqr está de visual novo! Conte para nós o que você achou.

Registre-se grátis

Flashcards

Computer SYstems

Jack Rogers Computing GCSE Inglês 59 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (59)

  1. 1Purpose of computer systemTo take data, process it and output it
  2. 2Define an embedded systemA system embedded in other devices
  3. 3Advantages of Embedded Systems over GP computerCheaper to produce, more efficient and easier to design
  4. 4What does the CPU do?Processes all data and instructions
  5. 5Two main types of CPU ArchitectureVon Neumann and Harvard
  6. 6Three main parts of a CPUControl Unit (CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Cache
  7. 7Main job of the CUExecute programs using the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle
  8. 8What does the CU control?The CPU
    The flow of data inside the CPU and outside the CPU
  9. 9What does the ALU do?The ALU performs the calculations and logic operations
  10. 10What does the ALU contain?Contains the accumulator register
  11. 11What is the Cache?Very fast memory in the CPU
    Stores regularly used data so the CPU can access it quickly
  12. 12What are the disadvantages of the cache?Very low capacity and more expensive than RAM and secondary storage
  13. 13What are the three different levels of Cache?Level 1 (quickest but lowest capacity)
    Level 2 (Slower than L1 but more capacity)
    Level 3 (Slower than L2 but more capacity)
  14. 14List the 4 registers in a CPUProgram Counter (PC)
    Accumulator
    Memory Address Register (MAR)
    Memory Data Register (MDR)
  15. 15Define the purpose of the PC in a CPUHolds the memory address of the instruction for each cycle
  16. 16Define the purpose of the accumulator in a CPUIt stores intermediate results of the ALU's calculations
  17. 17Define the purpose of the MAR in a CPUHolds any memory address about to be used by the CPU
  18. 18Define the purpose of the MDR in a CPUHolds the data or instruction that may have been fetched from memory or waiting to be written to memory
  19. 19Define the purpose of memory in a CPUHolds the program instructions and the program data
  20. 20What is the Fetch-Decode-Execute cycleFetches instructions then decodes them and then performs the instructions
  21. 21What happens in the fetch stage of the cycle?It copies the memory address from the PC to the MAR. The instruction is then copied to the MDR and the PC increments
  22. 22What happens in the decode stage of the cycle?The instruction is decoded by the CU
  23. 23What happens in the execute stage of the cycle?The instruction is performed
  24. 24What are examples of actions performed by the CPUloading data from memory, writing data to memory, doing a calculation or halting the program
  25. 25Define RAMRandom Access Memory
    The main memory in a computer that can be read and written to. It is also volatile
  26. 26Define VolatileData that is deleted when power isn't given to it
  27. 27Define Non-volatilePermanent memory that keeps memory without need for power
  28. 28What is stored in main memory?All data, files, programs and the operating system is stored whilst being used
  29. 29An advantage and disadvantage of RAMRAM is faster than secondary storage
    RAM is slower than the cache
  30. 30Define virtual memoryVirtual memory is a place in secondary storage where data is stored when RAM is full
  31. 31What must the CPU do if it needs to read data in the virtual memory?It must move the data back to RAM so is much slower than RAM
  32. 32Define ROMRead Only Memory
    Non-volatile memory that can't be written to
  33. 33What does ROM contain?ROM contains all the instructions a computer needs to boot up called a BIOS(Basic Input Output System)
  34. 34Define Flash memoryA type of non-volatile memory used in SD cards, USB sticks and Solid State Drives (SSDs)
  35. 35What three factors effect CPU performance?Clock Speed
    Number of Cores
    Cache Size
  36. 36Define Clock SpeedThe number of instructions a core carries out per second
  37. 37What is overclocking?Running a core at a higher clock speed than the factory-set rate
  38. 38What are the risks of overclocking?It can make CPU's overheat, cause crashes or permanent system damage.
  39. 39Why can't you continue to add cores?Software needs to be designed to use multi-core processing and not all tasks can be split evenly between cores
  40. 40Why does more RAM make a system faster?More RAM means more applications and data doesn't need to use virtual memory meaning more applications run smoother
  41. 41Why do GPU's help CPU'sThey relieve the processing load of a CPU as it does not have to handle image processing
  42. 42What are the three tiers of storage?Primary Storage
    Secondary Storage
    Tertiary Storage
  43. 43Define Primary StorageThe memory thet the CPU accesses quickly like registers, cache, RAM and ROM. It is mostly volatile
  44. 44Define Secondary StorageNon-volatile storage where all data is stored when not in use. Read/write speeds are much slower than primary storage
  45. 45Define Tertiary StorageNon-volatile data used for storing data long-term like backups of data
  46. 46What is a HDDA Hard Disk Drive is made up of magnetized metal disks that spin. It is the traditional internal storage in computers
  47. 47Advantages of HDDs than SSDsHDDs are very long lasting and reliable. They are cheaper and have higher capacity
  48. 48What is an SSDA Solid State Drive is a storage device with no moving parts. Most use a type of flash memory
  49. 49What are hybrid drives?They use SSD for the OS and programs and a HDD for data
  50. 50Advantages of SSD over HDDSSDs are faster and are more shock-proof. They are also silent
  51. 51Examples of other types of flash storageUSB drives and memory cards
  52. 52Advantages and Disadvantages of USB and memory cardsThey have a high capacity and tiny size
    Much slower than SSDs and have a shorter read/write life
  53. 53What are the three forms of Optical Discs?Read only
    Write only
    Rewriteable
  54. 54Why is their use declining?Increased internet speeds allow for better streaming and download services and phones and tablets don't have optical drives
  55. 55Advantages of optical discsThey're very cheap, portable and aren't damaged by water (but can be scratched)
  56. 56Define Magnetic tapeUsed for Archiving and have:
    Greater storage than HDDs
    Extremely low cost per GB
  57. 57Give the order for read/write speed of secondary storage devicesSlowest
    Optical Disc
    Memory Card
    Magnetic Tape
    HDD
    SSD
    Fastest
  58. 58Give the order for average cost (per GB) of secondary storage devicesCheapest
    Magnetic Tape
    Optical disc
    HDD
    Memory Card
    SSD
    Most Expensive
  59. 59Give the order for average capacity of secondary storage devicesLowest
    Optical disc
    Memory card
    SSD
    HDD
    Magnetic tape
    Highest

Informações

Descrição
GCSE Computing (Computing Paper 1) FlashCards sobre Computer SYstems, criado por Jack Rogers em 24-03-2018.
Criado por
Jack Rogers
Visualizações
0
Avaliação

Fale Conosco

Sobre o que é sua mensagem?

O que você acha do novo visual?

Você gostou?