Flashcards
Thoracic Wall
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1State the layers of the thoracic wallSkin, subcutaneous tissue, rib cage (12 ribs, sternum & T1-12), 3 layers of intercostal muscles, thoracic muscles, fascia +/- mammary glands/breast tissue
- 2List the functions of thoraxProtection
Provision of elasticity & rigidity
Musclular attachment for locomotion
Haematopoiesis
Respiration - 3Describe the difference between true, false & floating ribsTrue ribs (1-7) articulate directly to the sternum via their individual costal cartilages
False ribs (8-10) articulate to the sternum via the c.c of rib 7
Floating ribs (11 & 12) do not articulate with the sternum - 4What are the typical ribs & what are their features?Ribs 3 - 10
- Have a head, neck, tubercle, body & costal angle
- articulate with 2 thoracic vertebra in 2 places - head articulates with the transverse costal facet & the tubercle articulates with the superior & inferior demi-facets
- costal groove lies on the interior surface close to the inferior border - 5What are the features of rib 1?Shortest rib
Sup. & Inf. surfaces i.e. no costal groove
Single facet for articulation with T1
Scalene tubercle - for ant. scalene
Groove for subclavian vein (most anteriorly) & artery & inferior trunk (C8-T1) - 6What is the atypical feature of rib 2?Tuberosity for serratus anterior
- 7What is different about the floating ribs?No articulation with the sterum or the transcverse processes of thoracic vertebrae i.e. articulate only to an oval costal facet on T11 & 12 respectively
- 8List the relations of the sternal angleLevel of the 2nd c.c. & T4/5, where:
SVC enters the RA
Superior limit of pulmonary trunk
Bifurcation of trachea - 9Define the borders of the thoracic inlet1st rib (+C.C), superior border of manubrium of the sternum & T1
- 10Define the borders of the thoracic outletT12, 11th & 12th ribs, c.c. of 7-10 (i.e. costal margin) & xiphoid process
- 11List the structures that pass through the thoracic inletVessels of the head & neck, Trachea, Oesophagus, Vagus nerves, Phrenic nerves, subclavian a. & v. & inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
- 12List the structures that pass through the thoracic outletInferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus, vagus & phrenic nerves
- 13Explain the signs and symptoms of thoracic outlet syndromeCompression of the brachial plexus - loss of sensation or function
Compression of arteries - reduced/inadequate blood supply (ischaemia)
Compression of veins - oedema / swelling - 14What are mammary tubercles?Visible portions of the areolar glands on the surface of the breast within the areola
- 15What are the areolar glands?Sebaceous glands in the breasts which lubricate the areola
- 16Describe the location of the breastAt the level between the 2nd & 6th ribs from the lateral sternal border to the mid-axillary line, extending into the apex of the axilla (axillary process)
Between the superficial & deep superficial fascia - 17What muscles does the breast lie on?Pec. major, serious anterior & external oblique muscles
- 18What is the retromammary space?A layer of loose connective tissue between he deep superficial fascia & the deep/pectoralis fascia which provides some degree of movement
- 19What is the function of the suspensory ligaments of the breast (Coopers ligament) & how are they formed?Support the breast & connect the deep fascia to the skin
- Formed by the condensing of connective tissue stroma around the ducts & lobules of the mammary gland - 20Describe vascular supply of the breastArterial - mammary branches& anterior intercostal arteries of the internal thoracic & lateral thoracic & thoraco-acromial branched of the axillary a.
Veins - follow arteries - 21Describe lymphatic drainage of the breastAreola & lateral quadrants - axillary nodes
Medial quadrants - parasternal nodes
Inferior quadrants - Inferior phrenic nodes - 22What muscles are attached to the thoracic cage?External, Internal & Innermost intercostals
Transverse thoracics
Subcostalis - 23Describe the organization of the intercostal musculatureExternal intercostals - superior fibres towards the vertebra
Internal intercostals - right angles to the externals, i.e. superior fibres towards the sternum
Innermost intercostals - same orientation as the internal intercostals - 24Describe the functions of the intercostal musculatureExternal intercostals - contract to raise the ribs in inspiration
Internal intercostals - contract to draw the ribs inferiorly in expiration to aid recoil - 25Describe the attachements of the transversus thoracis muscleBehind the sternum
Attached to the internal aspect of ribs 3-6 c.c. & the xiphoid process - 26Describe the attachments of the subcostalis muscleOn the posterior wall of the rib cage - attach at the inferior edge of one rib and stretch over 2/3 ribs to attach to the inner surface of another
- 27Describe the features of intercostal nerves and their cutaneous distributionCome off the sympathetic trunk & lie in the intercostal groove with artery & vein
- give off anterior & lateral cutaneous branches
- motor innervation to intercostals & abdominal muscles
- sensory innervation to skin & pleura - 28List the structures through which a needle must pass when inserting a chest drainSkin, subcutaneous tissue, external intercostal muscle, internal intercostal muscle, innermost intercostal muscle and endothoracic fascia
- 29Describe the arterial supply to the anterior thoracic wallInternal thoracic artery gives of intercostal arteries 1-6 & muscle-phrencic gives off 7-10
- 30Describe the arterial supply to the posterior thoracic wallSupreme intercostal branch of the costocervical trunk gives off 1st & 2nrd intercostal arteries
Thoracic aorta gives off 3-11(in pairs) - 31Describe the venous drainage of the anterior thoracic wallAnterior intercostal veins drain to the internal thoracic vein & then to the brachiocephalic vein
- 32Describe the venous drainage of the posterior thoracic wall - right side1: R. Brachiocephalic v.
2-4: R. superior intercostal vein - Azygos
5-11: Azygos - 33Describe the venous drainage of the posterior thoracic wall - left side1: L Brachiocephalic v.
2-4: L. superior intercostal vein - L. brachiocephalic v.
5-8: Accessory hemiazygos - Azygos
9-11: Hemiazygos - Azygos - 34What is the lymph drainage of the anterior thorax?Parasternal nodes which drain to bronchomediastinal trunks which then merge with the thoracic duct on the left and the right lymphatic duct on the right
- 35What is the lymph drainage of the posterior thorax?Intercostal nodes which drain to the thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct inferiorly or the bronchomediastinal trunks superiorly
- 36What nerve is most at risk during breast surgery?Intercostobrachial nerve - a branch of T2
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- MD3001 (Cardiovascular System) FlashCards sobre Thoracic Wall, criado por Lareyna Mcmenemy em 07-12-2018.
- Criado por
- Lareyna Mcmenemy
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