Flashcards
Mao
Flashcards do conjunto (19)
- 1early influences: concern for the peasantry- famine occurred during Mao's student years and peasants tried to seize his family's grain
- Felt compassion towards them
- Peasants rioted: punished by imperial officials: leaders beheaded
"I never forgot it. | felt that there with the rebels were ordinary people like my own family and I deeply resented the injustice of the treatment given to them" Edgar Snow - 2Patriotism and anti imperialism○ deeply influenced by books and articles that called for fundamental changes in Chinese government/ society
- 3Revolution against Imperials 1911- revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing Dynasty, and established the Republic of China led by Sun Yat-Sen
- Mao joined and fought in this revolutionary army for 6 months before returning to education after establishment of democracy
- Democracy established was weak and failed to unify China.
- Qing dynasty left a power vacuum in certain regions, resulting in the rise of regional warlords - 4New Culture Movement- Influenced by ethics professor Yang Changji: a member of the new culture movement
NEW CULTURE MOVEMENT
○ rejected traditional Confucian valves
○ advocated a shift towards sciences democracy and educational and social reforms
○ attempt to modernise china
○ debated political philosophies
- Mao begins to develop his own philosphy
- Began to work in and help create groups that were dedicated to studying the modernisation of China
- Began promoting education for the poor: founded a night school for peasants/workers - 5Time in Beijing/Beijing University- Moved to beijing 1918
- Worked in university library
- Came into contact with leaders of the New Culture Movement
- Exposed to new political ideas including Marxism
- Witnessed lead up to 1919 May fourth movement
○ Anti-imperialist, cultural and political movement
○ Student demonstrations
○ Protested Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles which allowed Japan to retain territories in China which had been surrendered by Germany following WWI
○ Upsurge of Chinese nationalism
○ Move towards a populist base rather than intellectual elites
- Moved back to Chnagsha in 1919
- Lectured and wrote on the themes of the new culture movements, women's rights, marxism, and education for peasants - 6comitern- 1920 russian communists begin sending agents abroad to guide the development of communism: known as comitern
- 7Chinese Communist Party established- 1921 Shanghai: Mao and other chinese marxists/communists invited to secret meeting with comitern: Chinese Communist Party established
- 8CCP: 2 major problems in establishing power in china- Fitting Marxist theory to China
○ Marx claimed urban working class would be the primary force for revolutionary change
○ Mao realised rural peasants should be the driving force for China's revolution
○ First the CCP followed the orthodox Marxist theory, prioritising the building of CCP membership in the cities
- The established Nationalist party and government: now led by Chiang Kai-Shek - 9Subduing the warlords/alliance between the CCP and GMD- under orders from the comitern the CCP joined with the Guomindang in a united front to subdue the remaining Chinese warlords
- Mao spoke to the alliance's goals and continued to promote the rights and revolutionary potential of the peasants
- GMD supported by the communists subdued China's warlords - 10Subduing the warlords/alliance between the CCP and GMD- under orders from the comitern the CCP joined with the Guomindang in a united front to subdue the remaining Chinese warlords
- Mao spoke to the alliance's goals and continued to promote the rights and revolutionary potential of the peasants
- GMD supported by the communists subdued China's warlords - 11Shanghai massacre- 1927 Fearful of growing communist influence, Chiang Kai-Shek turned on the communists
- Especially effected urban communists, in Shanghai 5000 communists were killed (Shanghai massacre)
- Surviving CCP met in an emergency conference: Mao and others argued for establishment of military force to fight back against GMD
- "Political power is obtained out of the barrel of a gun" -Mao - 12- Red Army establishedafter shanghai massacre
- 13- Red Army establishedafter shanghai massacre
- 14Autumn Harvest Uprising- 1928 Mao ordered to lead some red army troops against the GMD using conventional military tactics (not the gurilla tactics Mao preferred)
- Troops were defeated and Mao captured (although quickly escaped) - 15Autumn Harvest Uprising- 1928 Mao ordered to lead some red army troops against the GMD using conventional military tactics (not the gurilla tactics Mao preferred)
- Troops were defeated and Mao captured (although quickly escaped) - 16Retreat to the Jinggang Mountains- Communists establighed a land redistribution program that involved confiscating land from the wealthy men in the region and redistributing it to the peasants
- Mao educated some of his followers and peasants about the principles of Marxism
- Became involved with a young woman named He Zizhen
- Mao's wife Yang Kaihui was captured in 1930 by a local warlord and killed
- one of Mao's sons died, the others lived on the streets
- Mao married He Zizen
- Mao went out of favour with the CCP leaders
• Did not like his independence or advocacy of gurilla warfare
• Disagreed with his insistency that the peasants would be the driving revolutionary force - 17Retreat to the Jinggang Mountains- Communists establighed a land redistribution program that involved confiscating land from the wealthy men in the region and redistributing it to the peasants
- Mao educated some of his followers and peasants about the principles of Marxism
- Became involved with a young woman named He Zizhen
- Mao's wife Yang Kaihui was captured in 1930 by a local warlord and killed
- one of Mao's sons died, the others lived on the streets
- Mao married He Zizen
- Mao went out of favour with the CCP leaders
• Did not like his independence or advocacy of gurilla warfare
• Disagreed with his insistency that the peasants would be the driving revolutionary force - 18Jiangxi SovietEstablished in 1929
mao:
- studied peasantry and needs, instituted land reform, established social reforms that gave legal rights to women
- Built the Red Army into a more disiplined force and made his troops follow a code of good behaviour and required their respect of peasants
- 1930 arrested 4000 communist troops, executing about 2000: claimed they were traitors with ties to the GMD
- Power struggle developed inside the CCP
○ One faction of the party leaders were determined to guide China's revolution along russian lines
○ CCP Central committee forced to retrat to Jianxi soviet, CCP leadership transferred from Mao to Zhou Enlai
○ Mao became ill and depressed, was followed and maybe put under house arrest by other communists
- GMD began reciving Nazi military aid pursued the communists in a series of "encirclement campaigns": had 1 million troops: by 1934 area was insecure - 19The Long March date significanceOctober 1934-October 1935
Ø Resistance to Political (GMD) Oppression = survival of the CCP
Ø The Emergence of Mao as communist leader
Ø Foundational myth of the People’s Republic of China
Ø Political iconography for the Communist State
Informações
- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Mao, criado por zzoes em 30-08-2013.
- Criado por
- zzoes · ago 2013
- Atualizado
- 19 fev 2016
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