History Flash Cards

Question	Answer
The Chinese Revolution was from?	1911-1912
Mao from what type of background?	Wealthy Peasant
GMD ( Guomindang)	the Nationalist Party of China
CCP	Chinese Communist Party
Leader of the GMD	Chiang Kai-Shek
What was the Cultural Movement?	New culture advocated for a turn of science, democracy and educational and social reforms in search of a way to Modernise China
When did the Chinese Civil War start?	1927- Chiang feared the rising influence of the Communists
What military tactics did the CCP use?	Guerrilla Tactics
Positives of the Red Army:	Disciplined force required all troops to follow a code of behaviour
May 4th Movement was?	A student protest against Versailles Peace conference after WWI which gave Chinese land to Japan
What were the Russian Communist agents called?	Comintern
What two issues did the CCP have?	1. How to shape the Marxist theories to suit the Chinese situation 2. GMD as an opposing political force
Why did the GMD and CCP join forces?	To remove the governing Chinese Warlords
When was the Long March?	1934
Why did the Long March happen?	The Jiangxi Soviet was attack by the GMD
The Long March represented..	The unification of 11 provinces and approx 200 million people
The Sino- Japanese War was from..	1937-45
The Sino- Japanese War was from..	1937-45
Why did Japan invade China?	To proclaim Manchuria as Japanese soil
Why did Japan invade China?	To proclaim Manchuria as Japanese soil
What happened in Nanjing?	The Japanese conquered the GMD capital and raped, murdered and looted the capital at least 42,000 people were killed
In 1938 China was divided into two parts	Occupied Japanese China and Free China
Chiang became... in the war?	Impassive, waiting for international intervention
The GMD and CCP fought together but apart what does this mean?	The CCP and GMD fought separately, in different parts of the country and with different military tactics but they were on the same side- China's
Mao was born in?	1893
Mao Left home in what year?	1911
Mao joined the CCP what year?	1921
The Chinese Civil War ended what year?	1949
The Chinese Civil War ended what year?	1949
The GMD retreated to where?	Taiwan
On 1st of October 1949 what happened?	Mao declared The People's Republic of China
What was Mao's land reform?	Forbidding privately owned land and the creation of agricultural collectives. Confiscation and redistribution of land
Mao's reforms for women included?	Banned: - concubinage - polygamy - foot binding - arranged marriages - made it easier for women to get divorces
Name the three areas the CCP focused on reforming?	1. Health 2. Education 3. Industrialisation
How did Mao deal with counter-revolutionaries?	Execution and reprogramming camps
What tactics were used at the reprogramming camps?	Hard labour and subtle psychological torture
What did APC stand for?	Agricultural producer's collective- communal living and working on a farming commune- large scale agriculture
What time frame the Mao wish to achieve his goals?	5 years for education, health and agriculture 15 years to surpass Britain in industrial production
What was the Patriotic Health Campaign?	a campaign to improve sanitation and hygiene in China thereby reducing the spreading of infectious diseases
What was the 100 Flowers Campaign?	A campaign allowing the people to talk and voice their opinions of the CCP and Mao, the majority of the opinions were negative, Mao later used this information to weed out counter-revolutionaries
When did the Great Leap Forward start?	1957
When did the Great Leap Forward start?	1957
What were the 4 pests that needed to be removed?	flies, rats, sparrows and mosquitoes
Why were show crops created and why did they fail?	The show crops were created for CCP officials to prove they were producing the most produce of the communes. The crops failed because they were planted to closely together and rotted
How long was the famine?	1958-61- 4 years
What were "Backyard Furnaces"?	Were small-scale steel making efforts
What was the result of the Backyard Furnaces?	Men, women and children melted down all steel they could find resulting in impure, useless metal. Crops failed because so many people were diverted from agricultural work to help make steel
Why were the harvest records falsified and what impact did that have?	The APC's didn't wish to disappoint the projected figures and Mao, The produce was disastrously small yet on record appeared to have doubled. The CCP took grain occordingly this resulted in a four year famine
How many people died of starvation during the Great Leap Forward Famine?	between 20-40 million
What policy idea caused the major split the CCP ?	Mao believed that the running of the industry should be left to the peasants Other CCP officials believed that China should allow the creation of an privileged class of scientists, managers like to USSR
What event helped rejuvenate Mao's image after he resigned as Chairman?	His swim in the Yangtze River in 1966
What was the name of the Young Extremist group Mao targeted to relaunch his career?	The Red Guards- a group comprised of university and school students
What aspect did Mao want the Red Guards to remove from society?	The removal of Bourgeois thinking and values, the removal of the elite class and authority figures
Mao told the Red Guards to rebel against authority figures who..	didn't have pure communist views
Mao published his ideologies in a book called?	The Little Red Book- which became the Bible of the Red Guards
In 1966 the Red Guards went into action removing all.... and.... in Chinese society	Western influences and Bourgeois customs
In 1969 what happened?	Mao became Chairman again the violence of the Cultural Revolution ended
Who was Mao's Prime Minister in 1969?	Zhou Enlai
In 1970's how did the education system change?	Mao's ideas within the Red Book became part of the curriculum
In 1970's how did the education system change?	Mao's ideas within the Red Book became part of the curriculum
Who controlled the price and wages?	The government
85% of people lived where?	On Communes
How many years did young people have to serve in the People's Liberation Army?	2 years
Who were the Rebels and who did they replace?	An adult revolutionary force under the instruction of Mao who replaced the Red Guards
Who was Lin Biao and why was he important?	Lin Biao was the defence minister and was vital in reigning in the violence of the factions of Rebels who were close to causing another civil war
What happened to Lin Biao?	In 1971 Mao decided Lin had grown too powerful and needed to be removed as Lin tried to escape his daughter told the authorities- Lin's plane crashed mid flight killing him and his wife
Who was Mao's successor ?	Deng- who denounced alot of Mao's policies stating he was " 7 parts wrong 3 parts right"
Name the two Russian officials Mao had contact with from 1949-59	1. Joseph Stalin 2. Nikita Khruschev
Who did Mao form an Alliance with in 1950?	The USSR- who provided military assistance, a substantial cash grant, and experts to help the Chinese upgrade and modernise their economy
Why did China and Russia's relationship disintegrate ?	Khrushchev attacked former leader Stalin's policies and called for a peaceful co-existence policy with the USA- two things Mao didn't agree with
Who do the USA see as the "real china" ?	Taiwan- Jiang Mao's China is merely seen as Red China
The 1970's saw the improved foreign relations with which two countries?	The USA and Japan
List Mao's achievements:	1. Centralised Government 2. Women's Rights 3. More Education 4. Increase food production 5. improved communications 6. major industrial development
List Mao's failings:	1. Major loss of life of 10's of millions 2. lack of development of new technologies 3. isolation from Western influence 4.Agriculture needed investment and mechanisation

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