Flashcards
Logical Fallacies
Flashcards do conjunto (24)
- 1Non SequiturAn argument in which the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premise.
- 2Argument from AuthorityRelying on the source of an argument or position rather than facts and logic.
- 3Post Hoc Ergo Propter HocA preceded B, therefore A caused B, assuming cause and effect for two events just because they are temporally related.
- 4Confusing Correlation with CausationAssumes cause and effect for two variables simply because they occur together.
- 5Special Pleading, or Ad Hoc ReasoningArbitrary introduction of new elements into an argument in order to jerry-rig that argument so it appears valid.
- 6Tu QuoqueAn attempt to justify wrong action because someone else does the same thing.
- 7Ad HominemAttempting to counter another's claims or conclusions by attacking the person rather by addressing the argument itself.
- 8Ad IgnorantiamA specific belief is true because we don't know that it isn't true.
- 9Confusing Currently Unexplained with UnexplainableBecause we don't currently have an adequate explanation for a phenomenon does not mean that it's forever unexplainable or that it therefore defies the laws of nature or requires a paranormal explanation.
- 10False ContinuumBecause there is no definitive demarcation line between two extremes, the distinction between the extremes is therefore not real or meaningful.
- 11False DichotomyArbitrarily reducing a set of many possibilities to only two.
- 12False AnalogyAssuming that because two or more things are similar in one way, then they are also similar in some other way, ignoring any important distinctions between the two.
- 13Genetic FallacyArguing against something because of where it came from, rather than considering whether or not it is valid in its current form.
- 14InconsistencyApplying criteria or rules to one belief, claim, argument, or position but not to others.
- 15Naturalistic FallacyThe is/ought problem; confusing what is true with what ought to be true.
- 16Nirvana FallacyThe premise that something is not perfect, therefore it is worthless.
- 17No True ScotsmanMaking an argument true by arbitrarily altering the definition of a key term so that the argument is true by definition.
- 18Reduction ad AbsurdumIf the premises are assumed to be true, logic necessarily leads to an absurd (false) conclusion, and therefore one or more premises must be false.
- 19Slippery SlopeA position is not consistent or tenable because accepting the position means that the extreme of the position must also be accepted.
- 20Straw ManConstructing a weak version of someone else's position so that it's an easier target to knock down.
- 21TautologyA argument that uses circular reasoning, which means that the conclusion is also its own premise. Often called "begging the question," meaning that the premise assumes the conclusion, or that an argument assumes its initial point.
- 22Texas Sharpshooter FallacyChoosing the criteria for success or failure after knowing the outcome.
- 23The Moving GoalpostA method of denial that involves arbitrarily moving the criteria for "proof" or acceptance out of range of whatever evidence currently exists.
- 24Fallacy FallacyConcluding that a claim must be wrong because one argument proposed for it is not valid.
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- Descrição
- FlashCards sobre Logical Fallacies, criado por Emerson Burrell em 26-02-2020.
- Criado por
- Emerson Burrell
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