Flashcards
Biology Core - B1
Flashcards do conjunto (84)
- 1Definition of adaptionthe way in which an organism evolved to become better able to survive in its enviroment
- 2Definition of addictionwhen a person becomes dependant on a drug
- 3Definition of amino acidsSmall molecules from which proteins are built
- 4Definition of AntibioticTherapeutic drug acting to kill bacteria which is taken into the body
- 5Definition of Antibiotic resistanceAbility of bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic
- 6Definition of antibodyProtein normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which is neutralises, thus producing an immune response
- 7Definition of antisepticSubstance that kills pathogens
- 8Definition of antitoxinSubstance produced by white blood cells that neutralises the effects of toxins
- 9Definition of antiviralTherapeutic drug acting to kill viruses
- 10Definition of adrenalinehormone that helps to prepare your body for action
- 11Definition of auxinA plant hormone that affects the rate of growth
- 12Definition of axonLong thread of cytoplasm in a neurone, carrying an impulse away from the cell body
- 13Definition of biomassthe mass of living material including waste wood and other natural materials
- 14Definition of blood plasmathe liquid part of blood
- 15Definition of carbon cycleThe way in which carbon atoms pass between living organisms and their enviroments
- 16Definition of cell bodythe part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
- 17Definition of CNScollectively the brain and spinal cord
- 18Definition of cholesterolchemical needed for the formation of cell membranes. HDL (good) LDL (bad)
- 19Definition of chromosomesThread-like structure in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information
- 20Definition of cultureA population of microorganisms, grown on a nutrient medium
- 21Definition of cuttingssmall pieces of a plant that can grow into complete new plants
- 22Definition of decaythe breakdown of organic material by microorangisms
- 23Definition of dendriteA short thread of cytoplasm on a neurone, carrying an impulse towards a cell body
- 24Definition of DendronA long thread of cytoplasm on a neurone, carrying an impulse towards the cell body
- 25Definition of diabetesDisease in which the body cannot control its blood sugar level
- 26Definition of DNAPolymer molecule found in the nucleus of all the body cells - its sequence determine genetic characteristics such as eye colour.
- 27Definition of drugA chemical that changes the chemical process in the body
- 28Definition of drug dependencyFeeling that you cannot manage without the drug
- 29Definition of effectorpart of the body that's responds to the stimulus
- 30Definition of embryoa very young organism, which began as a zygote and will become a fetus
- 31Definition of enzymeBiological catalyst that increases the speed of a chemical reaction
- 32Definition of epidemicmany people having the same infectious disease
- 33Definition of extremophilean organism that can live in conditions where a particular factor such as temperature or pH, is outside the range that most other organisms can tolerate.
- 34Definition of fertility drughormone given to women to cause the ovaries to produce eggs
- 35Definition of food chainflow diagram how energy is passed from one organism to the other
- 36Definition of FSHhormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes eggs to mature in the ovaries
- 37Definition of gametesex cell - a cell containing the haloid (half the amount of chromosomes) such as an egg or sperm
- 38Definition of genesection of DNA that codes for particular characteristics
- 39Definition of genetic engineeringchanging the genes in an organisms for example by inserting genes from another organisms
- 40Definition of genetically modifiedorganisms that has genes from a different organism inserted into it
- 41Definition of glandorgan that secretes a useful substance
- 42Definition of gravitropisma growth response to gravity
- 43Definition of HDLa type of cholesterol that does not appear to cause heart disease and may help to protect against it
- 44Definition of heart diseaseblockage of blood vessels that bring blood to the heart
- 45Definition of hormonesA chemical messenger transported by the blood
- 46Definition of immune systema body system that acts as a defence against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria
- 47Definition of immunityyou have immunity if your immune system recognises a pathogen and fights it
- 48Definition of inoculating loopmetal loop that's is used to transfer mircoorganisms
- 49Definition of insulinhormone made by the pancreas that reduces the level of glucose in the blood
- 50Definition of IVFin vitro fertilisation - the fertilisation of an egg by a sperm in a glass container
- 51Definition of LDLa type of cholesterol that increases the risk of heart disease
- 52Definition of LHhormone produced by the pituitary gland, which causes an egg to be released from an ovary
- 53Definition of lichensmall organism that consists of both a fungus and an alga
- 54Definition of lymphocytetype of white blood cell
- 55Definition of malnourishednot having a balanced diet
- 56Definition of menstrual cyclemonthly hormonal cycle that starts at puberty in human females
- 57Definition of menstruationmonthly breakdown of the lining of the uterus leading to the bleeding from the vagina
- 58Definition of metabolic raterate at which chemical reactions take place in the body
- 59Definition of MMRMumps, measles and rubella
- 60Definition of MRSAA form of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics
- 61Definition of mutationa change in the DNA in a cell
- 62Definition of natural selectionprocess by which good characteristics that can be passed on in genes become more common in a population over many generations .
- 63Definition of nervegroup of nerve fibres
- 64Definition of neuronenerve cell
- 65Definition of oestrogenfemale hormone secreted by the ovary
- 66Definition of oral contraceptivepills that prevent a women releasing eggs
- 67Definition of ovulationrelease of an egg from the ovary
- 68Definition of phagocyteswhite blood cells that surround pathogens and digest them with enzymes
- 69Definition of photosynthesisprocess carried out by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose and oxygen
- 70Definition of phototropisma growth response to light
- 71Definition of plaquebuild-up of cholesterol in a blood vessel
- 72Definition of producerorganism that makes its own food
- 73Definition of progestrogenhormone produced by the ovary that prepares the uterus for pregnancy
- 74Definition of proteinmolecule made up of amino acids
- 75Pyramid of biomassa diagram in which boxes, drawn to scale represent the biomass at each step in a food chain
- 76Definition of sensory neuronenerve cell carrying information from receptors to the CNS
- 77Definition of statindrug that reduces cholesterol level in the blood
- 78Definition of sterilecontaining no microorganisms
- 79Definition of synapsegap between two neurones
- 80Definition of thalidomidea drug that was originally prescribed as to pregnant women but was found to cause deformities in the fetes.
- 81Definition of tropismresponse of a plant to a stimulus, by growing towards or away from it
- 82Definition of vaccinekilled microorganisms, or living but weakened microorganisms that are given to produce immunity to a particular disease
- 83Definition of variationdifferences between individuals belonging to the same species
- 84Definition of zygotea diploid cell formed by the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes