Flashcards
infectious disease
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1Infectious disease differs from other diseasesDistinguish between infectious and non-infectious diseases Determine the characteristics of a pathogen
- 2DiseaseThe disease is characterised by any change to an organism that negatively impacts on the functioning of that organism. Diseases can be categorised into two groups infectious and non-infectious. it is a departure from good health this can malfunction of the mind or body.
the disease can be caused by lifestyle, environmental and inheritance of defective genes which are non-infections
the infectious agents are one to another; pathogens and parasites
organism (host) - 3non- infectious diseaseA disease that cannot be transmitted from one organism to another is called non-infectious disease. the non-infectious disease is caused by a wide variety of factor including carcinogens(or cancer-causing chemicals) eg lung and bowel cancer exposure to high energy radiation e.g skin cancer faulty (or non - functional) genes e.g cystic fibrosis and haemophilia Hypersensitivity to agents in the environment like pollen or dust mites e.g asthma allergies. lifestyle choices often related to diet and exercise patterns e.g heart disease and type ll diabetes. organ and tissue degeneration e.g kidney diseases and arthritis.
this are pathogens
diseases can not pass from one to another
pathogens are living organisms which can cause a disease
environmental (toxins, radiation)
hereditary (cystic fibrosis, Huntington's)
lifestyle( rickets diffeincy, scurvy, lung cancer) - 4infectious diseasea disease that is some way transmitted from organism to organisms is called infectious disease. all the infectious diseases are caused by agents called pathogens. when the host's body pathogens may cause disease by destroying cells or cells or by relating chemicals that disrupt normal cell function called toxins.
microorganisms are not always eg parasites one not microorganisms
prisons are not microorganisms ( ad cow disease, scrapie, cruetzfeld yako disease) - 5pathogenic organisms that cause diseasethe human body contains around 1013 (10 trillion) human cells but also some 1014 (100 trillion) cells consisting of such microbial groups as bacteria, fungi and protozoa
- 6pathogenic organisms that cause diseasepathogens are disease-causing microbes that have developed characteristics that enable them to exploit the warm, nutrients rich and moist environments of their hosts. to achieve this pathogens must be able to cross the protective barriers of the host multiply inside the host avoid the hosts immune system attempts to destroy them
- 7there are 6 main types of pathogens.bacteria:e.g the bacteria that cause food-poisoning, tonsillitis, tuberculosis fungi: the groups of fungi called Tinea that causes athlete's foot protists: giardia that causes gastro-enteritis or gastro viruses: the influenza virus that causes the flue' and rhinorius that causes 'colds' parasites: the tapeworm echinococcus that causes hydatid disease prisons: the prion that causes Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease in humans.
- 8bacteriabacteria previously noted, bacteria are unicellular prokayotic organisms that reproduce by the process of binary fission. the four main types of bacteria are rod shaped (bacili) spherical (cocci) spiral (spirilla) and curved (vibrio) they are the true living organisms that are capable of movement utilisation of energy and reproduction.
- 9different types of diseaseACUTE
sudden and rapid onset
symptoms disappear relatively quickly
examples: influenza, chickenpox
CHRONIC
long term
symptoms last months or year
examples: tuberculosis, HIV, crohn's disease.
symptoms can be outward signs of a disease - 10characteristics of pathogensinfective can be replicated
pathogenic means caus the diseases
virulence: how strong is it and how easy it is to spread
transmissible- ability to be transferred to a new host. - 11methods of transmissionpathogens to reproduce it can be through
dust
air- respiratory droplets
direct contact
faeces(poo)
food
animals (vectors)- organisms which can transmit a pathogen - ex- mosquitoes - 12bacterial reproductionrely on host
nutrients
moisture
temperature
binary fission process ideal condition in every 20 min - 13host specificityit can only impact one type of organism or a small part of it it only impacts specific host not all
- 14virus-host interactionviruses are generally more host-specific than bacteria
the virus attaches itself to a specific host cell the cell in which it will reproduce--> protein interaction- cell membrane
the virus injects its genetic material to the cell
the host cell uses the genetic material to copy
the host cell splits-(lysis) open elaseing the virus - 15athogen adaptationfeature to help survived
ability to withstand harsh condition environment-biofilms
environmental modification - gastric ulears - 16ways pthogens can survivecontrol system
control the immune system
the virus recognised by epitopes - 17defence against diseasemammals including human have a number of system in place to defend against disease
physical barriers- first line of defence
innate immune response -2nd line of defence
adaptive immune response- 3rd line of defence - 18our bodyinside body-->blood/tissues
outside body (skin/ digestivetract/ lungs/ eyes ) - 19physical brrier -skinthe skin consist of the epidermis consists of dead cells containing the proteins kertain that provides are a hard protective layer.
secretion of hydrophobic lipids-oil that provide waterproofing.
section of antimicrobial such as dermatitis- skin
scab formation platelet sintiaye clotting if the sin barrier is breached. - 20physical barriers- reflexescoughing and sneezing are a reflex response
induced by either mechanical stimuli
thousands of droplets within each cough/sneeze encap - 21immune system /2nd half of response
- 22innate/ automatic immune responsethe second line of defence
non-specific response
defence use no matter what the invader is
non-self recognition
self= your cells
non self= not your cells - 23automatic responsethe target for immune respose
which targets the immune system
phagocytes cells/ and phagocytosis
white blood cells
chemicals
inflammation
fever - 24white blood cellend of stuff is cellular debris (pus)
cell eater is called phagocytes - 25different type of functional that technical hascells use numerous things to stop complimentary
the function goes in three ways crippling activating ripping
passive mode compliment protein
shape explain what can you do and what cant you do
c3 eed to turn on photopasive
c3 breaks to small proteins c3a and cb - 26different type of functionality that technical hasthe proteins following the proteins are called chemotaxis
the complex is in the immune system - 27the inflammatory responsethe inflammatory response is the 2nd life of defence the green ones are bacteria and the macrophage is phagocytes the 2ns one has red and white blood cells.
small blood vessels are called capillary
the plate is a blood clot which scab or repairs the 1st line of defence
the main phagocytes is the neutrophils - 28cellsmast cells digramytion
holes are granules
histamine= causes capillaries walls to become leaky
pathogens are bacteria
vasodilation to become bigger
the fluid cells flood into the tissue
the skin is going to be red and raised, hot, - 29insectsexoskeletons made out of chitin
blood cells will be yellow
ants are formic acid in acid
fundi chemical defence (penicillin)
this might be 1st or 2nd line of defence
fever--> high temperature (above 37.5C0
38c low grade fever
fever is increasing metabolism
human cells survive and bacteria cells die - 30adaptive immune responsethird line of defence
involves specific antigen and pathogen recognition
retains memory of the pathogens for subsequent infection. - 31major histocompatibility complex (ii)hi
- 32corrosionis a little galvanic cell
dry corrosion metal oxide, Iron
wet corrosion- iron 2 hydroxide
iron 3 hydroxide
Ex. tin can tin is less reactive oxide layer formed iron dose not rust
tin left in rain or in water tin coating scratched than corrosion happen
the zinc is oxidised and the iron is not
zinc oxide is less permeable than oxygen and water the zinc will cored away before the iron. - 33lymphatic system3 parts of lymphatic system
lymph: fluid flow throught the lymph
lymph nodes to moniter and clean
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- Biology FlashCards sobre infectious disease , criado por tahira rahemi em 08-09-2020.
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- tahira rahemi
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