Flashcards
ELECTIONS
Flashcards do conjunto (17)
- 1ELECTIONSWHAT ARE THE FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS? + EXAMPLES
- Simple majority system – it is not necessary to get over 50% of the majority (FPTP)
- Majoritarian system – the winning candidate needs to get over 50% of the vote (SV)
- Proportional system – votes equate to seats (Closed Party List, STV)
- Hybrid system – combines aspects of both Majoritarian and proportional (AMS) - 2ELECTIONS First Past The PostHOW DOES FPTP OPERATE? + EXAMPLES
Candidate with the most votes, at least one more than the runner up, wins a seat in Parliament.
EXAMPLE: UK General Elections, both constituency level and nation level - 3ELECTIONS First Past The PostARGUMENTS FOR FPTP + EXAMPLES
- Efficient, quick and simple
- Keeps out extremist parties (UKIP, BNP)
- Holds a democratic element
- Produces a strong government (Blair's majority - 418/650 seats) - 4ELECTIONS First Past The PostARGUMENTS AGAINST FPTP + EXAMPLES
- Disproportional (UKIP 3.8mil votes, 1 seat)
- Encourages a two-party system in a
multi-party culture
- Allows parties to govern with little or no majority (Major)
- Vote for the party, not the MP - 5ELECTIONS Single Transferable VoteHOW DOES STV OPERATE? + EXAMPLES
Voters rank candidates in multi-party constituencies in order of preference in hope to reach a quota: no. of votes cast divided by no. of seats + 1 (DROOP FORMULA) If they don't reach this quota, the votes are then redistributed in light of the second preference and so on
EXAMPLE: Northern Ireland Assembly - 6ELECTIONS Single Transferable VoteARGUMENTS FOR STV
- Proportionate
- Provides voters a choice between candidates from the same party
- Eliminates 'safe seats', MPs cannot become complacent - 7ELECTIONS Single Transferable VoteARGUMENTS AGAINST STV
- Lengthy process, cannot find out the results in the same night, like FPTP
- Large multi-member consituencies can lead to complicated ballot papers
- Sparsely populated areas lead to enormous constituencies - 8ELECTIONS Supplementary VoteHOW DOES SV OPERATE? + EXAMPLES
Voters rank their two favoured candidates in order of preference. If a single candidate does not win over 50% of the vote, all but the top two candidates are eliminated and the votes are re-distributed in light of their second preference
EXAMPLE: Mayor of London Elections - 9ELECTIONS Supplementary VoteARGUMENTS FOR SV
- Guarantees that if a candidate wins on second preference, they have recieved the majority from the first preference
- Creates a majority govt which is strong
- Reduces 'wasted' votes - 10ELECTIONS Supplementary VotesARGUMENTS AGAINST SV
- Under representation of smaller parties
- Votes do no equate to seats, winning party is over-represented
- Winning candidates may not win the majority of the first preference's votes - 11ELECTIONS Closed Party ListHOW DOES CLOSED PARTY LIST OPERATE? + EXAMPLES
Voters vote for the party and MPs are allocated from the order of preference of the party. Voters do not have a say in who is elected
EXAMPLE: European Parliament Elections - 12ELECTIONS Closed Party ListARGUMENTS FOR CLOSED PARTY LIST
- Makes it easier for women and ethnic minorities to get elected
- Fairest in terms of party representation (if a party wins 32% of votes it will recieve 32% of seats in Parliament)
- Simple to understand - 13ELECTIONS Closed Party ListARGUMENTS AGAINST CLOSED PARTY LIST
- No control over candidates, only the party
- Existance of smaller parties lead to an unstable govt
- Increases representation of extremist parties (UKIP has 12 seats in the European Parliament) - 14ELECTIONS Additional Member SystemHOW DOES AMS OPERATE? + EXAMPLES
Voters have two votes: one for the party, and one for a candidate in a constituency
Candidates are elected through FPTP and the party is elected through the Party List system
Results in two different types of representative being elected
EXAMPLE: Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly - 15ELECTIONS Additional Member SystemARGUMENTS FOR AMS + EXAMPLES
- Reflects the need to constituency representation and electoral fairness
- Smaller parties are better represented
- Has the potential to produce a strong and stable govt (Germany) - 16ELECTIONS Additional Member SystemARGUMENTS AGAINST AMS
- Creates confusion by having to sorts of representation
- The faults of the FPTP system and Party List system still apply
- Constituency representation will be less than FPTP due to larger constituencies and half of representatives have no constituency duties - 17ELECTIONS Electoral ReformsWHAT WERE LABOUR'S POST 1997 ELECTORAL REFORMS?
- Devolved assemblies in Scotland & Wales to be elected through proportional systems
- The 1997 and 2004 elections for UK members or the European Parliament to be elected through proportional representation
- Greater London & Northern Ireland devolved assemblies were accompanied by proportional representation
- Lib Dems proposed AV for the House of Commons
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- A Level GOVERNMENT & POLITICS FlashCards sobre ELECTIONS, criado por hollie.manning96 em 31-05-2015.
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- hollie.manning96
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