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Flashcards

Acid Base Balance

Jacob Coe CP University - Medicine Inglês 22 flashcards

Acid Base Balance

Flashcards do conjunto (22)

  1. 1pH formula?-log[H+]
  2. 2What is the normal pH range?7.35-7.45 nanomol/L
  3. 3Define Ka.Apparent dissociation constant for an acid.
  4. 4a) Define acidaemia. b) Define alkalaemia.a) pH < 7.35
    b) pH > 7.45
  5. 5Ka formula?Ka formula?
  6. 6Why can free H+ ions be dangerous?H+ can react with proteins --> Denaturation.
    H+ can interfere with ionic pumps & transporters --> Affecting cellular function.
  7. 7Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
  8. 8Explain how buffers maintain a constant pH.Increased [H+] shifts reaction to left to restore equilibrium --> Increased HA to counter.
    Decreased [H+] shifts reaction to right to restore equilibrium --> Increased H+ to counter.
  9. 9What effect does further addition of acid have on the pH once the maximum capacity of the buffer is reached?The pH will decrease.
  10. 10What are the 2 main buffer systems?Bicarbonate buffer
    Phosphate buffer
  11. 11Describe the bicarbonate buffer system.Acid is eliminated either renally (lungs remove volatile acids rapidly) or metabolically (kidneys remove non-volatile acids slowly).Describe the bicarbonate buffer system.
  12. 12Describe the phosphate buffer.Important for buffering renal tubular fluid & ICF.Describe the phosphate buffer.
  13. 13Suggest sources of: a) Volatile acid b) Non-volatile acida) Oxidation of carbohydrates & lipids to CO2 & H20.
    b) Sulphuric acid (from cystine/methionine), HCl (from lysine/arginine), Lactic acid (anaerobic respiration), ketoacids.
  14. 14Name & briefly explain the 4 acid-base disturbances.Respiratory acidosis (increased PaCO2)
    Respiratory alkalosis (decreased PaCO2)
    Metabolic acidosis (metabolic increase in acid)
    Metabolic alkalosis (metabolic decrease in acid)
  15. 15Describe respiratory acidosis & metabolic compensation.Increased CO2 ==> Hyperventilation.
    Increased H+ ==> Lower pH.
    Metabolic compensation:
    Decreased excretion of HCO3- --> Decreased H+ as both form H2CO3 --> Restores pH.
  16. 16Describe respiratory alkalosis & metabolic compensation.Caused by hyperventilation.
    Decreased CO2.
    Decreased H+ & HCO3- in an attempt to increase CO2.
    Compensation: kidneys reduce HCO3- reabsorption so more HCO3- is lost.
  17. 17Describe metabolic acidosis & respiratory compensation.Increase in H+ --> Shifts equation to the left.
    More H2CO3 is produced (using HCO3- & H+)
    HCO3- concentration falls --> pH falls.
    Respiratory compensation: Lungs blow off more CO2 --> Eliminates more H+ --> pH rises.
  18. 18Suggest possible causes for a large increase in H+ ions.Lactic acid build up
    Ketoacid build up
  19. 19Describe metabolic alkalosis & respiratory compensation.Decrease in H+ --> Increase in HCO3-.
    pH rises.
    Respiratory compensation: Alveolar hypoventilation --> Increased H2CO3 --> Dissociates into more H+ --> pH falls.
  20. 20a) What is the normal PaCO2 range? b) At what point does respiratory acidosis & alkalosis occur?a) 4.5kPa-6.0kPa
    b) If PaCO2 > 6.0kPa ==> Respiratory acidosis & If PaCO2 < 4.5kPa ==> Respiratory alkalosis.
  21. 21Describe the base excess in: a) Metabolic acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosisa) BE is negative
    b) BE is positive
  22. 22Define Base excess.The amount of acid that is required to be added to 1L of blood to return its pH to 7.40 at 37oC & PaCO2 of 5.3kPa.

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University - Medicine CP (Acid-Base) FlashCards sobre Acid Base Balance, criado por Jacob Coe em 24-03-2022.
Criado por
Jacob Coe
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