Flashcards
Acid Base Balance
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1pH formula?-log[H+]
- 2What is the normal pH range?7.35-7.45 nanomol/L
- 3Define Ka.Apparent dissociation constant for an acid.
- 4a) Define acidaemia. b) Define alkalaemia.a) pH < 7.35
b) pH > 7.45 - 5Ka formula?
- 6Why can free H+ ions be dangerous?H+ can react with proteins --> Denaturation.
H+ can interfere with ionic pumps & transporters --> Affecting cellular function. - 7Derive the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
- 8Explain how buffers maintain a constant pH.Increased [H+] shifts reaction to left to restore equilibrium --> Increased HA to counter.
Decreased [H+] shifts reaction to right to restore equilibrium --> Increased H+ to counter. - 9What effect does further addition of acid have on the pH once the maximum capacity of the buffer is reached?The pH will decrease.
- 10What are the 2 main buffer systems?Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer - 11Describe the bicarbonate buffer system.Acid is eliminated either renally (lungs remove volatile acids rapidly) or metabolically (kidneys remove non-volatile acids slowly).
- 12Describe the phosphate buffer.Important for buffering renal tubular fluid & ICF.
- 13Suggest sources of: a) Volatile acid b) Non-volatile acida) Oxidation of carbohydrates & lipids to CO2 & H20.
b) Sulphuric acid (from cystine/methionine), HCl (from lysine/arginine), Lactic acid (anaerobic respiration), ketoacids. - 14Name & briefly explain the 4 acid-base disturbances.Respiratory acidosis (increased PaCO2)
Respiratory alkalosis (decreased PaCO2)
Metabolic acidosis (metabolic increase in acid)
Metabolic alkalosis (metabolic decrease in acid) - 15Describe respiratory acidosis & metabolic compensation.Increased CO2 ==> Hyperventilation.
Increased H+ ==> Lower pH.
Metabolic compensation:
Decreased excretion of HCO3- --> Decreased H+ as both form H2CO3 --> Restores pH. - 16Describe respiratory alkalosis & metabolic compensation.Caused by hyperventilation.
Decreased CO2.
Decreased H+ & HCO3- in an attempt to increase CO2.
Compensation: kidneys reduce HCO3- reabsorption so more HCO3- is lost. - 17Describe metabolic acidosis & respiratory compensation.Increase in H+ --> Shifts equation to the left.
More H2CO3 is produced (using HCO3- & H+)
HCO3- concentration falls --> pH falls.
Respiratory compensation: Lungs blow off more CO2 --> Eliminates more H+ --> pH rises. - 18Suggest possible causes for a large increase in H+ ions.Lactic acid build up
Ketoacid build up - 19Describe metabolic alkalosis & respiratory compensation.Decrease in H+ --> Increase in HCO3-.
pH rises.
Respiratory compensation: Alveolar hypoventilation --> Increased H2CO3 --> Dissociates into more H+ --> pH falls. - 20a) What is the normal PaCO2 range? b) At what point does respiratory acidosis & alkalosis occur?a) 4.5kPa-6.0kPa
b) If PaCO2 > 6.0kPa ==> Respiratory acidosis & If PaCO2 < 4.5kPa ==> Respiratory alkalosis. - 21Describe the base excess in: a) Metabolic acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosisa) BE is negative
b) BE is positive - 22Define Base excess.The amount of acid that is required to be added to 1L of blood to return its pH to 7.40 at 37oC & PaCO2 of 5.3kPa.
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- University - Medicine CP (Acid-Base) Flashcards on Acid Base Balance, created by Jacob Coe on 24/03/2022.
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- Jacob Coe
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