Flashcards
Atomic structure and co.
Flashcards do conjunto (188)
- 1Define elementa specific type of atom that has a set amount of protons
- 2define compound2 or more elements chemically combined
- 3define atombase unit of matter
- 4define molecule2 or more atoms chemically combined
- 5define atomic numberhow many protons in an atom (in neutral atoms, this is the same number as electron)
- 6define mass numberthe number of protons and neutrons
- 7define isotopeatoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
- 8what is the structure of an atom?neutrons and protons are in the nucleus and electrons are in the outer shells
- 9where are the protons located?nucleus
- 10where are neutrons located?nucleus
- 11where are electrons located?outer shell
- 12what is the relative mass of a proton?1 unit
- 13what is the relative mass of a neutron?1 unit
- 14what is the relative mass of a electron?1/1840
- 15what is the relative charge of a proton?+1
- 16what is the relative charge of a neutron?no charge (0)
- 17what is the relative charge of a electron?-1
- 18where does the mass number go on atomic structure notation?on the top
- 19where does the atomic number go on atomic structure notation?on the bottom
- 20what are some examples of an isotope?Carbon-12, Carbon-14, Oxygen-16, Oxygen-18
- 21how many protons are there in an isotope?the atomic number
- 22how many neutrons are there in an isotope?mass number - atomic number
- 23how many electrons are there in an isotope?atomic number
- 24electron config: hydrogen1
- 25electron config: helium2
- 26electron config: lithium2,1
- 27electron config: berylium2,2
- 28electron config: boron2,3
- 29electron config: carbon2,4
- 30electron config: nitrogen2,5
- 31electron config: oxygen2,6
- 32electron config: flourine2,7
- 33electron config: neon2,8
- 34electron config: sodium2,8,1
- 35electron config: magnesium2,8,2
- 36electron config: aluminum2,8,3
- 37electron config: silicon2,8,4
- 38electron config: phosphurous2,8,5
- 39electron config: sulfur2,8,6
- 40electron config: chlorine2,8,7
- 41electron config: argon2,8,8
- 42electron config: potassium2,8,8,1
- 43electron config: calcium2,8,8,2
- 44define valence electronelectrons in the outer shell
- 45how do the valence electrons relate with the elements properties?group 1 -1 valence electron
group 2 - 2 valence electrons
group 3 - 2 valence electrons
etc.. - 46what is the link between the periodic table and the atomic number?they arranged in atomic order
- 47what is the link between the number of valence electrons and the group number?it dictates how an element behaves. The elements in the group will behave in a similar way.
- 48What is the link between the number of electron shells and the period number?elements in the same period will have the same number of electron shells
- 49what is the change from metal to non-metal?there is no clear cut to metals and non-metals. There are metalloids. They act like metals in some ways and non-metals in others.
- 50why do elements in a group react in a similar way?they have the same amount of electrons in their outer shells
- 51what are the trends in softness in group 1 elements?it increases
- 52what are the trends in melting point in group 1 elements?it decreases
- 53what are the trends in density in group 1 elements?it increases
- 54what are the trends in reactivity in group 1 element?it increase
- 55what is F at room temp?a yellow gas
- 56what is Cl at room temp?a green gas
- 57what is Br at room temp?a red liquid
- 58what is I at room temp?black solid
- 59what are the properties of noble gases?- all non-metals
- colourless gases
- monatomic
- unreactive - 60what are the properties of transition metals?- hard and strong
- high melting points
- malleable
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- high density - 61why do atoms form bonds?to get a full stable outer shell of 8 electrons like the noble gases
- 62how to atoms form bonds?by gaining and losing electrons
- 63What is the valency of ZincZn+2
- 64What is the valency of Chromiun IIIChr+3
- 65What is the valency of Gold IIIAu+3
- 66What is the valency of EthanoateCH3CHOO-
- 67What is the valency of nitric acidNHO3
- 68What is the valency of sulfuric acidNH2SO4
- 69What is the valency of carbonic acidH2CO3
- 70What is the valency of goldAu+
- 71What is the valency of silverAg+
- 72What is the valency of copper ICu+
- 73What is the valency of cobalt IICo+2
- 74What is the valency of manganese IIMn+2
- 75What is the valency of iron IIFe+2
- 76What is the valency of copper IICu+2
- 77What is the valency of mercury IIHg+2
- 78What is the valency of tin IISn+2
- 79What is the valency of lead IIPb+2
- 80What is the valency of nickel IINi+2
- 81What is the valency of CadmiumCd+2
- 82What is the valency of iron IIIFe+3
- 83What is the valency of HydrideH-
- 84What is the valency of flurideF-
- 85What is the valency of hydroxideOH-
- 86What is the valency of nitrateNO3-
- 87What is the valency of hydrogencarbonateHCO3-
- 88What is the valency of carbonateCO3-2
- 89What is the valency of sulfateSO4-2
- 90What is the valency of PhosphatePO4-3
- 91What is the valency of ammoniaNH3
- 92What is the valency of hydrochloric acidHCl
- 93What is the valency of phosphoric acidH3PO4
- 94What is the valency of Ethanoate/Acetic acid?CH3CHOOH
- 95how to write ionic compounds (formula)drop and swap
- 96how do ionic compounds form?by losing and gaining electrons
- 97why do ionic compounds form?to achieve a stable electron configuration
- 98what is the structure of an ionic compound as a solid?a 3d crystal lattice held by strong electrostatic forces. Ions are trapped in a fixed position and vibrate in place
- 99what is the structure of an ionic compound as a liquid?the ions are still in the lattice but they can move around. they move towards the opposite charged atoms
- 100what are the properties of an ionic compound?- high MP and BP
- solids at room temp
- hard and brittle
- conductor of electricity - 101explain how the structure of an ionic compound make it brittle and hardthe strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in the 3d lattice. (hard)
being arranged in the order the ions are in the lattice, being distrubed after a layer of ions are forced to slide past a layer (brittle) - 102explain how the structure of an ionic compound make it have high melting pointsthe force of attraction between oppositely charged ions is so strong that large amounts of heat is needed to break the bonds
- 103explain how the structure of an ionic compound make it have high boiling pointsas a solution the ions have alot of energy. The forces will break when the compounds form a gas
- 104explain how the structure of an ionic compound make it a conductor of electricityin a solid, it doesn't conduct
in a liquid, the ions are not strongly bonded together so they can move freely - 105Draw a dot diagram: neon
- 106Draw a dot diagram: magnesium
- 107Draw a dot diagram: magnesium bromide
- 108Draw a dot diagram: lithium oxide
- 109Draw a dot diagram: methane
- 110Draw a dot diagram: Water
- 111Draw a dot diagram: sulfate
- 112what is the structure of a covalent molecule?Arranged in a regular lattice. The force between the atoms and the molecules are called covalent bonds which are very strong. The forces between molecules are called intermolecular forces and are very weak
- 113what are the properties of covalent molecules?- low melting points
- non conductors of electricity
- soft
- malleable - 114how does the structure of a covalent molecule causes it to have low melting points?the intermolecular forces of covalent forces are weak
- 115how does the structure of a covalent molecule causes it to be softthe weak forces between the molecules and it only needs little force to push the neutral molecules in the solid lattice past each other
- 116how does the structure of a covalent molecule causes it to be malleablethe molecules can be pushed past one another easily because of the weak forces
- 117how does the structure of a covalent molecule causes it to be a non-conductor of electricitythere are no ions because all of the molecules are neutral and the electrons are localised so they can't move around
- 118what is ammonia formula?NH3
- 119what is water formula?H2O
- 120what is hydrogen peroxide formula ?H2O2
- 121What is hydrogen sulphide formula?H2S
- 122What is chlorine formula?Cl2
- 123what is nitrogen formula?N2
- 124what is hydrogen formula?H2
- 125what is oxygen formula?O2
- 126what is fluorine formula?F2
- 127what is bromine formula?Br2
- 128what is iodine formula?I2
- 129where are the metals on the periodic table?left-hand side
- 130how do metallic bonds form?the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positive ions and the electrostatic attraction holds the lattice together
- 131what is the structure of metallic bonds?positive metal ions surrounded in a 'sea' of delocalised electrons
- 132what are the properties of metallic bonds?- conductors of heat and electricity
- shiny
- malleable
- ductile
- hard, tough and dense
- high MP and BP - 133how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to conduct electricity?the mobility of the delocalised electrons within the lattice. They do not conduct electricity as a solid only in a molten state
- 134how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to conduct heat?the delocalised electrons are responsible are the transmission of heat energy. They transfer the heat to the cooler parts of the lattice and increase when in the heated area.
- 135how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to be malleable and ductile?the bonding is non-directional so if force is applied to the metal, one layer of positive ions can slide over another layer without disrupting it.
- 136how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to be very hard?the strong metallic bonds between positive ions in the lattice and electrons
- 137how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to be dense?positive ions tightly packed in the lattice
- 138how does the structure of metallic bonds make them to have high MP and BP?the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons
- 139Balance this equation: HCl + Na2S -> H2S + NaCl2HCl + Na2S -> H2S + 2NaCl
- 140Balance this equation: Zn + HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
- 141what are the state symbols?solid = s
liquid = l
aqueous = aq
gas = g - 142how to calculate relative atomic mass?the mass
- 143how to calculate relative molecular massis a sum of all the atoms masses
- 144how to calculate the average relative atomic mass(abundance/% x atomic mass)
----------------------------------------------
total abundance - 145what is the difference between the average relative atomic mass of an atom and the relative atomic mass of an isotope?the average atomic mass is a calculation of by the abundance while the relative atomic mass is compared to Carbon-12's weight
- 146define relative atomic massthe mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12
- 147define relative molecular massthe relative mass of a molecule
- 148define relative formula massthe mass of a substance made up of molecules
- 149how to calculate relative formula massadd up atoms
- 150how to calculate the percentage compositionrelative mass x number of atoms
---------------------------------------------- x 100
relative molecular mass - 151define acidsubstances that produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
- 152define basessubstances that produces hydroxide when dissolved in water
- 153define saltionic compounds and are the product of an acid and base reacant
- 154what are the properties of acids?- tasting sour
- being corrosive
- turning litmus paper red
- having a pH less than 7
- conducting electricity - 155what are the properties of bases?- tasting bitter
- being corrosive
- turning litmus paper blue
- having a pH over 7
- conducting electricity - 156what are the properties of salts?- having a pH of 7
- 157What are 5 bases?Metal oxides, , metal hydroxides, hydrocarbonates, metal carbonates, ammonia,
- 158what is the product of an acid and hydroxide?salt and water
- 159what is the product of an acid and an oxide?salt and water
- 160what is the product of an acid and carbonate?salt, water and carbonate
- 161what is the product of an acid and hydrogen carbonate?salt + water + carbonate
- 162what is the product of an acid and metal?salt + hydrogen gas
- 163what is the product of an metal and oxygen?metal oxide
- 164what is a neutralisation reaction?a reaction that produces salt and water
- 165how to identify a neutralisation reactiona reaction with a:
metal hydroxide
metal oxides
metal carbonate
or a metal hydrocarbonate - 166what is the action of water in the dissolving process of soluble ionic compunds?dissociation
- 167write the dissociation equation for ionic compounds: NaClNaCl => Na+ + Cl-
- 168what is the products when the two ionic compounds are mixed?an insoluble compound or precipitate (solid)
- 169what reactions will occur when two ionic compounds are mixed?the ions combine to create a compound that is insoluble
- 170Balance this equation: Pb3(NO3)2 + KI -> PbI2 + KNO3Pb3(NO3)2 + 2KI -> PbI2 + 2KNO3
- 171Write the ionic equation: Pb3(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) -> PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)Pb+2 (aq) + 2I- (aq) -> PbI2 (s)
- 172define exothermicto give out energy
- 173define endothermicto take in energy from surroundings
- 174define exothermic related with the making and breaking of bondsexothermic reactions uses more energy to make bonds
- 175define endothermic related with the making and breaking of bondsendothermic reactions uses more energy to break bonds
- 176what are some examples of everyday exothermic reactions?ice cubes, heat packs, burning of candles
- 177what are some examples of everyday endothermic reactions?cooking foods, boiling liquids, water evaporation
- 178draw an exothermic energy level diagram
- 179draw an endothermic energy level diagram
- 180what is the unit that energy is measured inkilojoules (kJ)
- 181what does the + meanendothermic
- 182what does the - mean?exothermic
- 183define bond energythe energy needed to make or break bonds
- 184how to calculate energy changesproduct - reactants
- 185what is the value of a mole6.022 x 10^23 particles
- 186define particlea small portion of matter
- 187define molar massthe mass of one mole of a substance
- 188how to calculate the molar of a element or compoundadd up the atoms