Flashcards
Eyewitness testimony
Flashcards do conjunto (12)
- 1What is eyewitness testimony?Refers to the description given by people of an event they have experienced, including that given in a criminal trial by individuals present at the time of the crime. It includes the identification of people as well as details such as speed of vehicles, weather conditions etc.
- 2What factors can influence eyewitness testimony?1. Anxiety&stress
2. Weapon focus
3. Leading questions
4. Reconstructive memory (elaborate memory recall)
5. Post event discussion - 3Who investigated the effects of anxiety on eyewitness testimony?Loftus (1979) and Christianson and Hubinette (1993)
- 4Describe Loftus's experiment into the effects of anxiety on eyewitness testimonyShe used two conditions-
1. Participants heard a low-key discussion in a laboratory about an equipment failure. A person then emerged from the laboratory holding a pen with grease on his hands.
2. Participants heard a heated and hostile exchange between people in the laboratory. After the sound of breaking glass and crashing chairs, a man emerged holding a bloody paper knife.
Participants were then shown 50 photographs and asked to identify the man who had come out of the laboratory. - 5What were the findings of Loftus's experiment into the research on the effects of anxiety on eye witness testimony?Participants who had witness the man holding the pen accurately identified the person 49% of the time. The participants who had witnessed the man with the bloody paper knife were successful only 33% of the time.
- 6What is the Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal?Illustrates the relationship between how well a task can be completed and the level of psychological arousal experienced at the time.
- 7Draw an example of the Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal
- 8Describe Christianson and Hubinette's investigation into the effects of anxiety on eyewitness testimony58 real witnesses to bank robberies were questioned. Witnesses were either on-lookers present at the time (low anxiety condition) or bank staff who were actually threatened by the robbers (high anxiety condition)
- 9What were the findings of Christianson and Hubinette's investigation into the effects of anxiety on eyewitness testimony?Witnesses who had been threatened in some way were more accurate in their recall, and remembered more details than those who had been onlookers and less emotionally aroused. This superior recall continued to be evident, even after a 15 month interval.
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- 11What was the aim of Loftus's investigation into the effects of anxiety on eyewitness testimony?To find out whether anxiety in eyewitness testimony affected later identification.
- 12What can you conclude from Loftus's investigation into the effect of eyewitness testimony?Demonstrates the idea of weapon focus- a factor in affecting accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Participants were more focused on the weapon than the man holding it. The weapon becomes the center of attention and so there are accurate central details but less accurate peripheral details.
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- A-Level Pyschology FlashCards sobre Eyewitness testimony, criado por chloemockri12 em 29-10-2015.
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- chloemockri12
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