11833658
Description
Mind Map by Grace Fawcitt, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Grace Fawcitt
over 6 years ago
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Memory- factors affecting eyewitness
testimony: anxiety
- Negative effect
- Anxiety creates physiological
arousal, so concentration is worse
- Johnson and Scott, 1976
- Participants thought they were going to do a lab study.
While in the waiting room, they witnessed an argument
- Low anxiety condition
- Argument- man with pen and grease
- 49% recognition of suspect
- Argument- man with pen and grease
- High anxiety condition
- Argument- broken glass- knife and blood
- 33% recognition of suspect
- Tunnel theory- focus on weapon
- Argument- broken glass- knife and blood
- Participants thought they were going to do a lab study.
While in the waiting room, they witnessed an argument
- Anxiety creates physiological
arousal, so concentration is worse
- Positive effect
- Fight or flight response increases alertness
- Yuille and Cutshall, 1986
- Studied a real life shooting in a gun shop in
which the shop owner shot the thief dead.
- The witnesses were interviewed 4-5 months after the event. Accuracy was
determined by how many details they could recall, and they were also asked
to rate how stressed they were, and if they had any emotional problems
- The witnesses were very accurate in their accounts, with little change from
5 months previous. Those who reported high stress levels were more
accurate than those who reported low levels (88% compared to 75%)
- Studied a real life shooting in a gun shop in
which the shop owner shot the thief dead.
- Fight or flight response increases alertness
- Explanation of contradictory evidence
- Yerkes and Dodson, 1908
- The relationship between performance and
emotional arousal is an inverted U
- Deffenbacher, 1983
- Low levels of anxiety led to low levels of recall, while
too much anxiety also led to low levels of recall
- There is an optimal level of anxiety
to ensure best performance
- There is an optimal level of anxiety
to ensure best performance
- Low levels of anxiety led to low levels of recall, while
too much anxiety also led to low levels of recall
- Deffenbacher, 1983
- The relationship between performance and
emotional arousal is an inverted U
- Yerkes and Dodson, 1908
- Evaluation
- Weapon focus effect may be irrelevant
- Surprised at what they see, not scared
- Pickel, 1998
- Used handgun, raw chicken,
scissors or a wallet
- Recall was worse with the
more unusual objects
- Raw chicken and handgun
- Raw chicken and handgun
- Used handgun, raw chicken,
scissors or a wallet
- Surprised at what they see, not scared
- Field studies lack control
- e.g. post event discussion, news in the media
- Extraneous variables may be responsible for results
- Extraneous variables may be responsible for results
- e.g. post event discussion, news in the media
- Ethical issues
- Psychological harm
- Psychological harm
- Inverted U is too simplistic
- Anxiety is not just physical, but also
cognitive, behavioural and emotional
- Anxiety is not just physical, but also
cognitive, behavioural and emotional
- Demand characteristics
- Work out aim and act accordingly
- Work out aim and act accordingly
- Weapon focus effect may be irrelevant
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