Flashcards
Oranges Flashcards
Flashcards do conjunto (49)
- 1Nutritional Value of Oranges?- Provides Vitamin C
-Provides Vitamin A
-Fibre
-Calcium
-Thiamine - 2Why was the WNO chosen?-Table orange
-High sugar levels
-Easier to peel
-Early variety
-Good tree fruit hold under favorable conditions - 3Prevention of CLM?-Fertilising in winter
-Limiting flush growth in late summer
-Petroleum spray oil/Light White oil - 4-Control of CLM?-Small parasitic wasps and predators e.g. lacewings
-Petroleum spray oil - 5How many oranges produced per year per tree?400-500
- 6How can the fruit be sold?-Fresh
-Juiced
-Dried
-Fermented - 7How much NPK for each orange tree? Ratio?500kg- 5:2:3
- 8Prone to which deficiencies?-Zn, Mg, Mn
- 9Symptoms of nitrogen deficiency?-Yellow leaves with increasing paleness
-Loss of green occurs evenly - 10Magnesium deficiency symptoms?-Distinct yellowing pattern in the OLDER leaves
-Affects older leaves first
-Younger leaves have no symptoms
-Leaf fall
-Low yields - 11Zinc deficiency symptoms?-Prominent veins
-Affects young leaves - 12How to treat Zn, Mg deficiency?-Zn: Zinc sulfate foliar spray
-Mg: Magnesium sulfate foliar spray - 13Symptoms of Nitrogen Phosphorous imbalance?-Thickened rinds
-Open centres
-Coarse flesh - 14How high is skirting done?30-50 cm above the ground (usu. 30cm)
- 15Amount of rainfall at Ruse?900mm
- 16Amount (rainfall) required by oranges for optimal growth1000-1250mm
- 17Why and when is skirting done?-Done before flowering to conserve nutrients for the flowers
-Fewer oranges but better fruit - 18Calendar of operations- orangesSummer: Irrigate, fertilize with Dynamic Lifter or Blood and Bone
Autumn: Irrigate, renew Wild May baits,
dose trees with Epsom salts
Winter: Harvest fruit, fertilize, pick up fallen fruit
Spring: Spray with oil, irrigate, Epsom salts - 19Marketing- local?-Sold to local school community as fresh fruit
-Occasionally fresh fruit juice - 20Marketing- industrial?-Fruit juice, processed citrus (e.g. jams, food additives, cakes, glazes)
- 21What percentage of WNO goes to fruit juice?40%
- 22What percentage of Valencia goes to fruit juice?70% (remainder is fresh fruit)
- 23What are oranges sprayed with during processing?Ethylene, wax, fungicide (Cl2)
- 24Why is wax sprayed onto the orange?To keep juice in the orange; extends shelf life
- 25How are oranges packed?-Foam-waxed boxes
-Cardboard boxes
-Plastic netting bags (2-5 kg) - 26How many subsystems are there, what are they?4: Plant (orange tree), soil (natural resources), pests and diseases, & management
- 27What happens to orange fruit over time?They shrivel up and lose their sweetness
- 28Inputs for citrus?-Irrigation
-Dynamic lifter
-Foliar sprays
-White oil (for aphid and CLM) - 29External influences for citrus?-Weather, esp. rainfall
-Climate
-Fluctuating market - 30Outputs for citrus?-Washington Navel Oranges for the fresh market
- 31Monitoring and feedback for citrus-Yield (t/ha)
-Quality: taste (sweetness), appearance (blemishes), juiciness - 32What are the components of a systems diagram?External influences, outputs, monitoring and feedback, inputs, subsystems
- 33Describe the soil/natural resources subsystem of citrusSoil organisms make nitrogen and carbon in the N and C cycles
- 34Describe the pests and diseases subsystem of citrus-Have a negative effect
-Reduces ability to photosynthesise
-Uses PLANT as host - 35Describe the management subsystem of citrus-Spray Light White Oil
-Trimming grass at base of tree
-Trimming branches at bottom of tree - 36Steps taken during post harvest treatment?1. Oranges harvested mechanically/by hand
2. Grading
3. Waxing
4. Fungicide
5. Packing - 37Sustainable practices for oranges?-Hay mulching
-Drip irrigation
-Organic fertilizing
-Permanent Kikuyu between trees
-White oil for pest control
-Planting density - 38Value and percentage of NSW citrus exports?12% of NSW production exported
$30 million a year - 39Percentage composition of NSW citrus industry?Oranges:
-Navel- 40%
-Valencia- 48%
-Other citrus- 12% (mostly mandarin) - 40Tonnage of citrus exported from NSW and Australia?181,000t from NSW
550,000t from Australia - 41Tonnage of Navels and Valencias exported from Australia?Navel- 193,000t
Valencia- 217,000t - 42Area of citrus production NSW?13,000 hectares
- 43Collar rot life-cycle?1. Spores infect plant
2. Fungus releases more spores
3. Repeat - 44Collar rot symptoms?-Gum oozing from trunk
-Flaking and cracking bark - 45Collar rot management-Cut bark away and treat with fungicidal paste
-House paint
-Spray the foliage with a anti-rot solution - 46CLM lifecycle?1. Adult- small moths, 4 wings, flies at night (4-8 days)
2. Eggs- on underside of leaf (3 days)
3. Larvae- feed on sap, excreta (0 days)
4. Prepupa- forms a pupal chamber, edge of leaf rolled (1 day)
5. Pupa- yellow-brown (6 days)
14-17 days total - 47CLM appearance?Adult: Small delicate moths with 4 long fringed wings
Eggs: Flat, slightly oval, 0.3mm
Pupa: Yellowish brown 2.5mm long - 48CLM symptoms?-Rolled over leaf with the exposed part having an orange color
-Characteristic serpentine mines from larvae - 49Interactions between agriculture and economy, culture, society?Culture- Encourage people to live off land, enjoyment through food
Economy- Export increase GDP, more jobs
Society- Satisfaction of growing our own food and it gives people jobs
Informações
- Descrição
- Year 9 Agriculture (Washington Navel Oranges) FlashCards sobre Oranges Flashcards, criado por Wilson Penguin em 10-08-2016.
- Criado por
- Wilson Penguin
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