Flashcards
chapter 8
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1radical behaviorismBelieving that a stimulus-response theory of psychology can account for all of the overt behaviors that psychologists seek to explain
- 2empiricismthat all knowledge originates in experience
- 3classical conditioningrefers to learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus
- 4unconditioned stimulusone that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.
- 5unconditioned responseunlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
- 6conditioned stimuluspreviously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
- 7conditioned responsean automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus
- 8behaviorismthe theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns
- 9law of effectwhich states that when a behavior or performance is accompanied by satisfaction, it tends to happen again. If the performance is accompanied by frustration, it tends to decrease.
- 10habitrefers to some kind of learned association between a stimulus and a response that makes them occur together frequently
- 11drive reductionmajor cause of learning and behavior.
- 12drivetrong stimulation that produces discomfort, such as hunger.
- 13Primary drivesthose associated with physiological processes that are necessary for an organism’s survival, such as the drives of hunger, thirst, and the need for sleep
- 14Secondary driveslearned on the basis of primary ones
- 15reinforcerany event that increases the likelihood of a particular response
- 16Primary reinforcersthose that reduce primary drives, such as food, water, or need for sleep
- 17Secondary reinforcersoriginally neutral, but they acquire reward value when they are associated with primary reinforcers
- 18Reflexe automatic responses to specific stimuli
- 19Hierarchy of responserefers to a tendency for certain responses to occur before others.
- 20cuespecific stimulus that tells the organism when, where, and how to respond.
- 21Reinforcementrefers to the effect of the response.
- 22extinctionExtinction does not eliminate a response but merely inhibits it, enabling another response to grow stronger and supersede it in the response hierarchy
- 23learning dilemmadifferent responses until one is developed that satisfies the drive.
- 24Frustrationn occurs when one is unable to reduce a drive because the response that would satisfy it has been blocked
- 25conflictIf the frustration arises from a situation in which incompatible responses are occurring at the same time, the situation
- 26infrahuman specieshave shown that we can be quite successful in predicting the behavior of simple laboratory animals under controlled conditions.
- 27reciprocal inhibitionentails the introduction of a competitive response that will interfere with the original maladaptive response,
- 28systematic desensitizationwhich a patient is conditioned to stop responding to a stimulus in an undesired manner and to substitute a new response.
- 29species specific behaviorcomplex, rather than reflex, behaviors that occur in all members of a species
- 30overt behaviorcan be completely comprehended in terms of responses to factors in the environment. The effort to understand or explain behavior in terms of internal structures such as a personality or an ego is to speak about “fictions” because such structures cannot be directly observed
- 31ratio reinforcementthe rate of reinforcement is determined by the number of appropriate responses that the organism emits
- 32token economyTokens of some kind that may be exchanged for special privileges are used to reinforce appropriate behaviors.
- 33psychological behaviorismetailed theory of personality that translates personality concepts into behavioral language
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- FlashCards sobre chapter 8 , criado por Myah Chavonne em 02-10-2017.
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- Myah Chavonne
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