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Flashcards

ICT

Iain Leung Inglês 32 flashcards

Flashcards do conjunto (32)

  1. 1AlgorithmA sequence of unambiguous instructions for solving a problem. It can be represented as a
    Turing machine program.
  2. 2ASCIIASCII is a 7-bit character set consisting of 128 different letters, numbers or punctuation symbols
  3. 3ArrayA named data location for storing multiple values (elements) that are all related and of the same data type.
  4. 4Bit RateThe number of bits transmitted per second.
  5. 5ByteA byte is a measurement of computer storage, with 1 byte being equal to 8 bits, e.g. 10101010
  6. 6Control BusThe control bus carries signals that control and coordinate all the activities within the computer.
  7. 7CookiesCookies are small text files. They are stored on a user’s computer to help websites remember preferences and track user behaviour.
  8. 8CopyrightCopyright is a legal term given to the author of original work (computer programs, music, art, books, etc).
  9. 9CrackingCracking is the act of illegally removing the copy-protection and registration techniques used in computer software, DVDs etc.
  10. 10DatabaseA database is information stored in a structured/organised way, so it can be easily accessed, searched, managed and updated.
  11. 11Database Management System [DBMS]A Database Management System (DBMS) is software designed for creating and managing databases, e.g. Microsoft Access.
  12. 12Data CorruptionData corruption refers to errors in computer data that happen during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which create unintended changes to the original data.
  13. 13EncryptionEncryption is the conversion of data into a jumbled form (ciphertext) which cannot be easily understood by anyone except those possessing a decryption key.
  14. 14FirewallsFirewalls are security systems designed to prevent unauthorised access to or from your computer or private network. Firewalls can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both.
  15. 15FlowchartsFlowcharts are a graphical way of representing an algorithm design.
  16. 16Free SoftwareSoftware that gives the purchaser the freedom to modify the source code and redistribute the software, if they wish.
  17. 17FreewareFreeware is software that is distributed free of charge. It is usually fully functional with no expiry date. The author retains the copyright to the program.
  18. 18HexadecimalA base 16 number system
  19. 19HTTPHTTP is a protocol used when transmitting files over the World Wide Web
  20. 20Hypertext Markup Language [HTML]HTML is a language used to create web pages. It is responsible for the content and structure of a page. HTML takes its styling instructions from another language called CSS.
  21. 21Identity TheftIdentity theft is when someone uses your personal information or identity to commit a crime or fraud, all without your permission.
    The internet has made it much easier for criminals to gain our personal information, sometimes enough to take loans or credit in our name.
    Identity theft can take years to resolve as the onus is often on the victim to prove they didn’t create the debt or commit the crime.
  22. 22IP addressAn IP address is a unique number given to every device on the internet. It signifies the location of the device, allowing devices to communicate with each other.
    IP addresses are issued by a network or ISP. Most addresses are dynamic, meaning they could change over time. Static IP addresses however will never change.
  23. 23Lossless CompressionA compression technique to reduce the size of a computer file, taking advantage of patterns and repetition within the data. There is no resulting loss of quality or file damage – so ideal for compressing text and number files.
  24. 24Lossy CompressionA compression technique to reduce the size of a computer file. The file can never be restored to its original state as redundant data is permanently removed. This may result in a noticeable loss in quality.
  25. 25MalwareMalware (short for malicious software) is software designed to damage, disrupt, or help others gain unauthorised access to a computer system.
  26. 26Memory Address Register [MAR]The Memory Address Register (MAR) holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed.
  27. 27Memory Data Register [MDR]The Memory Data Register (MDR) holds data that is being transferred to or from memory.
  28. 28PharmingMalicious code that redirects a user to a fake website without their knowledge.
  29. 29PhishingPhishing is the attempt to trick people into giving away sensitive information to fraudsters via fake emails containing bogus links.
  30. 30PseudocodePseudocode is a method of expressing an algorithm design.
    Pseudocode is lines of instructions written in a language close to English but with common programming terms used where possible.
  31. 31Random Access Memory [RAM]RAM is a computer’s primary memory. It is a very fast solid state storage medium that is directly accessible by the CPU.
    Any open programs or files on a computer are temporarily stored in RAM whilst being used. Being volatile, any data stored in RAM will be lost when power is removed
  32. 32VariableIn programming, a variable is a named data location in a program for a value that can be changed during the running of the program.

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FlashCards sobre ICT, criado por Iain Leung em 08-05-2019.
Criado por
Iain Leung
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