Flashcards
Digestive system
Flashcards do conjunto (22)
- 1What are the main organs of the digestive system?Mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- 2What are the accessory organs?teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver and pancreas
- 3What does the alimentary canal do?Provides a continuous route for food from mouth to anus
- 4What do the accessory organs do?provide chemical and mechanical mechanisms to aid digestion
- 5What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?Peristalsis- adjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs alternatively contract and relax
Segmentation- Nonadjacent segments of the alimentary canal organs contract and relax, mixing the food and breaking it down - 6What are the different peritoneum layers? What do they do?Visceral peritoneum- covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs
Parietal peritoneum- lines the body wall
Peritoneal space- potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum which contains fluid - 7What is the mesentery?double layer of peritoneum fused together that extends to the organs from the posterior body wall
- 8What does the mesentery do?Provides support for the organs
provides support for vessels and nerves supplying the organs - 9What are retroperitoneal organs?Organs that adhere to the posterior abdominal wall and lose their peritoneum by reabsorption
Part of the small intestine and most of the pancreas and kidneys - 10What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract?Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
- 11What is the mucosa?Epithelial layer than lines digestive tract from mouth -> anus
secretes mucous, digestive enzymes and hormones
Protects from disease and GI contents - 12What are the 3 layers of mucosa?Epithelium, Lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
- 13What is the submucosa?moderately dense CT with blood, nerve, lymph vessels and lymphoid follicles; rich in elastic fibres
- 14What is the muscularis externa?smooth muscle layer consisting of longitudinal and circular muscle
Responsible for peristalsis and segmentation
sphincters- where circular muscle thickens, acts as a valve - 15What controls GI wall and GI motility?Myenteric plexus
- 16What do the hard and soft palates do?Hard palate- rigid surface against which food is forced in chewing
Soft palate- muscular structure that rises and blocks off the nasopharynx during swallowing - 17What are the different papillae in the mouth for?Filiform- rough surface for grip
Fungiform- House taste buds
circumvallate- house taste buds
foliate- posterolateral taste buds - 18What are the differences between the glands in the mouth?Intrinsic- inside the buccal cavity mucosa; does not release much saliva
Extrinsic- supply most of the saliva; outside buccal cavity and supply secretions by the parotid, submandibular and sublingual ducts - 19What is the composition of saliva?Almost all H2O, electrolytes, amylase, proteins (mucin, lysozyme, IgA), pH 6.75-7
- 20How is more salvia released during ingestion?Parasympathetic nervous system- chemoreceptors and pressoreceptors stimulate salivary glands to release more saliva
- 21How many teeth do we have?20 primary, 32 permanent
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- BSc Genetics year 1 FlashCards sobre Digestive system, criado por Seren Jones em 10-05-2019.
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- Seren Jones
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