Flashcards
Unit 5: Evolution
Flashcards do conjunto (44)
- 1Adaptationstructure, behaviour, or physiological process
- 2Mimicrystructural adaptation in which harmless species look like harmful species
- 3Variationsdifference between individuals
- 4Mutationspermanent change in genetic material
- 5Selective Advantagegenetic advantage that improves an organisms chance of survival
- 6Selective pressureenvironmental conditions select certain trait and go against other traits
- 7Fitnesscontribution to gene pool
- 8Biotechnologyuse of technology and organisms to produce useful products
- 9Natural Selectiontraits of a population change over time
- 10Artificial Selectioncertain traits chosen by humans to make a new product
- 11Sexual Selectionnatural selection for mating based
- 12Monocultureextensive planting of the same varieties of species
- 13Fossil Recordremains and traces of past life
- 14Transitional Fossilsfossils that show links betweens a group of organisms
- 15Vestigial Structurereduced version of a structure
- 16Biogeographystudy of past and present geographical distribution of species
- 17Homologous structuressimilar structural elements and origin but different function
- 18Analogous structuredo not have common evolutionary origin but performs similar functions
- 19Embryologystudy of pre-birth stages
- 20Gene Poolgenes of all individuals in a population
- 21Non-random matingmating on the basis of mate selection
- 22Genetic Driftchange in frequencies of alleles due to events
- 23Founder effectchange in gene pool when individuals start a new population
- 24Bottleneck effectchanges in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size
- 25Stabilizing Selectionnatural selection that favours intermediate phenotypes
- 26Directional selectionfavours phenotype at 1 extreme
- 27Disruptive Selectionfavours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes
- 28Speciationformation of new species from existing species
- 29Pre- zygotic isolating mechanismimpedes mating or prevent fertilization
- 30Behavioural isolating mechanismdifferences in call/song
- 31Habitat isolating mechanismtwo species may live in the same general region but in different habitats
- 32Temporal isolating mechanismkept separate by temporal(timing) barriers
- 33Mechanical Isolating Mechanismspecies that are closely related mate but cannot fertilize
- 34Gametic Isolating Mechanismgametes from different species do meet, they will rarely fuse to form a zygote
- 35Post - Zygotic Isolating Mechanismbarrier that prevents hybrid zygotes to be fertile
- 36Hybrid InviabilityGenetic Incompatibility of the interbred species may stop development of hybrid zygote
- 37Hybrid Sterilitymate and produce infertile hybrid
- 38Hybrid BreakdownF1 gen is fertile but F2 gen is not fertile
- 39Sympatric Speciationpopulations within the same geographical areas diverge and become reproductively isolated
- 40Allopatric Speciationpopulation is split into two or more isolated groups by a barrier
- 41Ecological Nicherole and physical distribution of a specie in a environment
- 42Adaptive Radiationdiversification of a common ancestral species
- 43Gradualismevolutionary change as slow and steady before and after divergence
- 44Punctuated Equilibriumevolution history as long period of stasis or equilibrium