Flashcards
Fractures
Flashcards do conjunto (16)
- 1What is a displaced fracture?One in which the bone breaks into 2 or more parts which then do not align.
- 2How may a fracture be displaced?By angulation, rotation or shortening
- 3What is a comminuted fracture?A fracture in which the bone has broken into several pieces, usually as a result of a high impact injury.
- 4What is an impacted fracture?One in which two bones have been forced against each other.
- 5What is a pathological fracture? What might cause one?A fracture following minimal trauma in a bone already weakened by a disease process.
Osteoporosis, Paget's disease, Metabolic disorders, tumour - 6What is the Gustillo and Anderson score?A score used to determine the infection risk from open fractures.
1. Simple # wound <1cm
2. Simple # wound >1cm
3. Multifragmentary # of any wound size
3a) adequate soft tissue cover
3b) requires plastics input
3c) vascular injury - 7What is the first aid treatment of an open fracture?1. Advanced trauma life support
2. Photograph
3. Cover
4. Reduce and immobilise
5. Check neurovascular status
6. Antibiotics and tetanus
7. X-ray
8. Prepare for theatre - 8What are some specific paediatric fractures?Buckle fractures
Greenstick fractures
Epiphyseal fractures - 9What are the stages of fracture healing and how long does it take?1. Haematoma
2. Acute inflammatory response
3. Organisation
4. Callus formation (woven, then lamellar)
5. Remodelling
3 (phalanges) -12 (femur) weeks - 10What are some local factors that will affect bone healing?Infection
Blood supply
Interposition of soft tissue
Type of bony injury
Movement - 11What are some systemic factors that will affect bone healing?Poor nutritional state
Chronic disease
Diabetes
Malignancy
Smokers
Drugs
Steroids
NSAIDs - 12What are the principles of fracture management?Reduce
Immobilise
Rehabilitate
Protect the soft tissues - 13What are the types of non-operative fracture management?Backslap
Plaster of paris
Functional brace
Splint
Tubigrip - 14What are the types of operative fracture management?Internal fixations (K-wiring; screws; plates; intra-medullary devices)
External fixations (monolateral; rings; hybrids) - 15What are some a) early b) intermediate and c) late complications of fracture surgery?A) Blood loss
Neurovascular injury
Compartment syndrome
B) Infection
VTE
C) Non-union/malunion
Arthritis
Avascular necrosis
Contracture
Venous insufficiency - 16—
Informações
- Descrição
- Plenary teaching on fractures
- Criado por
- esther.westwood
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