Flashcards
Atomic Structure - topic one
Flashcards do conjunto (63)
- 1What is a compound?Two or more elements chemically combined.
- 2What are the key features of a chemical reaction?- Compounds are broken up or formed.
- One new substance created.
- Measurable energy change.
- No atoms created or destroyed. - 3What is a mixture?Two or more elements that are NOT chemically combined.
- 4Name all the types of separation techniques.- Chromatography.
- Distillation.
- Crystallisation.
-Filtration. - 5What is crystallisation?Method of separating dissolved solids and liquids.
- 6How is crystallisation performed?Heat up the mixture so that the liquid evaporates, soon crystals of the solid will form.
- 7What is chromatography?Method of separating a number of different solids in a liquid.
- 8How is chromatography performed?A drop of solution is placed near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper to be separated. Dip the very bottom of the paper into water. The water will move up the paper and take the solids in the solution with it. Different solids move at different speeds so they will separate.
- 9What is filtration?Method of separating mixtures of a solid which can't dissolve and a liquid.
- 10How is filtration performed?Mixture is poured through piece of filter paper in a beaker. The insoluble solid will get trapped by the paper as it cannot pass through, but the liquid will got through and be collected in the beaker below.
- 11What is distilation?Method of separating two liquids with different boiling points.
- 12How is distillation performed?The mixture is heated until the liquid with the lowest boiling point starts to boil/evaporate. The vapour released passes through a Liebig condenser, the vapour cools and condenses back to a liquid and is collected.
- 13Who was the first person to discover a model of the atom and what was the name of the discovery?John Dalton - The solid sphere model.
- 14What did Dalton conclude in his model of the atom?That atoms where solid spheres.
- 15What was the name of the second model of the atom and who discovered it?The plum pudding model - J.J Thomson.
- 16What did J.J Thomson discover in 1897?Electrons.
- 17What did Thomson conclude in his model of the atom?The atom was a ball of positive charge with negative charge scattered throughout.
- 18Who came up with the third model of the atom in 1909 called the 'Nuclear Model'?Ernest Rutherford.
- 19What did Rutherford conclude in his model of the atom?The atom was mostly empty space but it had a dense positively charged nucleus in the centre with electrons orbiting it.
- 20What did Rutherford do to discover his findings?He shot alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. He expected the particles to go straight through the gold, however some particles where deflected. He came up with his conclusion that very few particles where hitting a dense nucleus inside the atom and that's why some particles got deflected.
- 21Who discovered the modern model of the atom?Niels Bhor.
- 22What did Bohr conclude in his model of the atom?That electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed positions in energy levels.
- 23Who discovered the neutron in 1932?James Chadwick.
- 24What are the three sub-atomic particles inside the atom?Proton.
Neutron.
Electron. - 25What is the charge of each sub-atomic particle?Proton = +1.
Neutron = 1.
Electron = -1. - 26What is the location of each sub-atomic particle?Proton = Nucleus.
Neutron = Nucleus.
Electron = Energy shells. - 27What is the relative mass of each sub-atomic particle?Proton = 1.
Neutron = 1.
Electron = 0. - 28How big is an atom?1 x 10-10m
- 29How do you find out the relative mass of an element?relative mass = number of protons + number of neutrons.
- 30How do you find out the atomic number of an element?The atomic number equals the total number of protons in an element.
- 31On the periodic table, elements have two number above and bellow them, what do these numbers show?Top number = mass number.
Bottom number = atomic number. - 32What is an isotope?An atom of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- 33What is the relative atomic mass an average of?It is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element added together.
- 34What is the equation for calculating the relative atomic mass of an element?(isotope abundance x isotope mass) / isotope abundance.
- 35What does the isotope abundance tell us?Isotope abundance tells us how often each different isotope of an element is found.
- 36What does it mean if elements are placed in the same group in the periodic table?It means that those elements have the same number of electrons in their last electron shell. The number of electrons in the elements last shell is the same as the number of the group they are in. Also, elements in the same group have similar properties.
- 37What does it mean if elements are placed in the same period on the periodic table?It means that those elements have similar properties.
- 38What do we rank elements by in the periodic table?We rank elements by their atomic number.
- 39Who was the first person to create the period table?John Newland.
- 40What was Newland's periodic table ordered by?It was ordered by the mass of the element.
- 41What was wrong with Newland's periodic table?It was incomplete, not all elements had been discovered, and some elements where placed in inappropriate groups.
- 42Who then developed Newland's periodic table?Dimitri Mendeleev.
- 43What was Mendeleev's periodic table like?There were empty spaced for undiscovered elements, he also predicted the properties and masses of these elements. His table was also in atomic number.
- 44What is the modern periodic table like now?It is similar to Mendeleev's table however the gaps are filled in.
- 45Where are metals found on the periodic table and what happens to their electrons when they react?Metals are found on the left of the periodic table because they mainly have one electron in their outer shell. When metals react they usually lose this one electron to form a positively charged ion.
- 46What are the properties of metals?High boiling and melting points.
Conductors of heat and electricity.
Solid at room temperature. - 47Where are non-metals found on the periodic table and what happens to their electrons when they react?Non-metals are found on the right of the periodic table, because they have many electrons in their last electron shell. When non-metals react they either share or gain electrons to from a negatively charged ion
- 48What are the properties of non-metals?Low melting and boiling points.
Often found as gasses.
Do not conduct heat and electricity. - 49What is group 0 called on the periodic table?Nobel gasses.
- 50Why are group 0 elements unreactive?They have a full outer electron shell meaning they can't gain or lose electrons. As a result they are monatomic meaning they exist as single atoms.
- 51Do group 0 elements have a low or high boiling point?They have a low boiling point. However the boiling point does increase as you go down the group.
- 52Do group 0 elements have a low or high density?They have a low density. However density does increase as you go down the group.
- 53What are group 7 elements called?Halogens.
- 54How many electrons do Halogens have in their last electron shell and what happens to its electrons when it reacts?Halogens have seven electrons in it's last electron shell. This means that when it reacts it gains 1 electron to get a full electron shell and it forms a negatively charged ion.
- 55What is formed when a metal transfers it's electrons to a non-metal (like a halogen)?A salt is formed, and the result is a compound where all the ions have a full outer shell. Meaning Halogens form salts when reacting with metals.
- 56What happens to the reactivity as you move down group 7 (halogens), and why does this occur?The reactivity decreases as you go down. This is because the atoms are gaining more electron shells meaning the distance between the outer electron shell and the nucleus increases, so the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons decreases.
- 57Can less reactive halogens be displaced by more reactive halogens from compounds?Yes. This is called a displacement reaction.
- 58Which group are alkali metals in?Group 1.
- 59What happens when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen?-When reacting with oxygen, it rapidly turns from shiny silver to a dull metal oxide.
- 60What happens when a alkali metal reacts with water?The metal floats on the water and reacts to create a metal hydroxide. The energy releases from the reaction melts the alkali metal.
- 61What happens when a alkali metal reacts with chlorine?A metal chloride is formed, this dissolves in water to give a colourless solution.
- 62Where are transition metals found on the periodic table?Group 2 and 3.
- 63What are the properties of transition metals?- High density.
- Low reactivity.
- Strong and hard.
- High melting points.
- Can form ions with positive charges.
- Can form colour compounds.
- Used as catalysts.
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- GCSE Chemistry FlashCards sobre Atomic Structure - topic one, criado por ava lennighan em 19-08-2021.
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- ava lennighan · ago 2021
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- 19 set 2021
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