Flashcards
CHINESE REVOLUTION
Flashcards do conjunto (8)
- 1Shanghai Massacre - when, what, why, impact?1927
- GMD forces, with the help of guerrilla militia, attacked members of the CCP in Shanghai city.
- Fearful of the CCP's increased influence, the GMD claimed that the members of the CCP in the GMD violated their pledge to join the GMD as individuals and were outrunning their promises. Chaing turns on CCP and sets to destroy it.
- A large decrease in CCP members in the city and thus declining communist support in the city (meaning that the communist rebellion had to be peasant led rather then proletariat driven, aligning with Mao's ideology). - 2Northern Expedition - when, what, why, impact?1926 - 1927
- A military campaign launched by the GMD and CCP as they united to overthrow the Chinese government.
- Aimed to rid China of imperialist nations (western powers) and warlords who supported those powers. Aimed to gain support from the Russian communist party to support the emerging CCP.
- Increased tensions between GMD and CCP to to the success of the CCP in gaining influence over the emerging working class (converting peasants to their ideologies). GMD claimed to feel that the CCP were outrunning promises. - 3Warlord Era - when, what, why, impact?1916 - 1928
- Central government has virtually no power. Some foreign powers provided support for, and dealt directly with, the warlords. Heavy taxation, spending all of money on armaments, failing military, low living standards.
- Began when control of the country was divided after Yuan Shikai died.
- Increased: tensions between political parties + alternate ideas, foreign influence, revolutionary feeling, the feeling of the need for change. Angered + destroyed lives of Chinese civilians -> domestic businesses crushed due to foreign influence, people were so desperate that they would support anyone who claimed to provide change. So dominating that change was seen to be imperative for the future. - 4May the 4th Movement - when, what, why, impact?1919
- A form of enlightenment in which around 3000 students assembled to march to the foreign legations.
- Protesting against Japan's actions that violated China's territorial integrity and the government failure to serve China's best interests.
- Questioned what type of society constituted China and what it ought to be. First extreme protest + pushed Bolshevism and Nationalism. Encouraged activists to join the fight against foreign powers and warlords. - 5Zunyi Conference - when, what, why, impact?Jan 1935
- A meeting of the CCP during the Long March - involved power struggle between different leaders in the party.
- Examine the party's failure in the Jiangxi region and to look at their options.
- Increased Mao's influence in the CCP. Was a turning point for the CCP. Saw Mao's vision of a peasant-based revolution and the concept of guerrilla warfare affirmed. Mao became the undisputed leader of the CCP. - 6Jiangxi Soviet - when, what, why, impact?1929
- A self-governing region of south-east China that came under communist rule.
- Significant for the development of the CCP, introducing; land/social reforms with women's rights/equal divorce + marriage rights, tax deductions, education reforms, outlawed child exploitation, creation of the Red Army.
- Increased support for the CCP with policies benefiting people + CCP educating ideologies through their reformed education system. - 7The Long March - when, what, why, impact?1934-1935
- A retreat tactic to move 85000 communist troops over 4000 miles to escape Chiang's GMD forces. Tatically portrayed by Mao as a strategy to further the CCP's rebellion rather than a retreat. Moved base to Shaanxi.
- Encircled and facing annihilation in the Jiangxi soviet, the CCP begins their Long March.
- Influenced Mao's rise to power, gained support of CCP, pointed to a peasant revolution.
PROS: Increased morale and support for when they arrived, set up future of the CCP's revolution, the CCP survives despite the GMD's attempts.
CONS: 95% of soldiers lost in the difficult terrain, was a retreat in nature, took over a year to complete. - 8The Dixie Mission - when, what, why, impact?1944-1945
- The first US effort to establish official relations with the CCP. They were headquartered in the mountainous city of Yan'an.
- Helped the failing Chinese military to defeat the Sino-Japanese War.