Flashcards
Lab 8
Flashcards do conjunto (36)
- 1—Lymph Vessel
- 2Characteristic of Lymph Vesselcontain valves which have leaflets
- 3—Lymph Node
- contains an outer capsule
- also contains follicles located near capsule
- each follicle contains germinal center where B-cell mitosis occurs
- 4—Lingual Tonsil
- contains lighter stained germinal centers
also contains adipose tissue
- also has glossal muscle
- 5—Palatine Tonsil
- has several lymphoid nodules which are covered in stratified squamous epithelium and invaginate at places into TONSILIAR CRYPTS
- 6—Thymus
- diagnostic feature: Hassall's corpuscles, sites of dead T cells
- also involved in T cell regulation, preventing autoimmune responses
- 7—Spleen
-largest encapsulated organ of lymphatic system, many macrophages & lymphocytes
- helps entrap and destroy of erythrocytes and platelets
-red pulp = regions of active erythrocyte destruction
- white pulp = lymphocytes
- 8—Hodgkin's Granuloma
- lymphatic cancer
- characteristic = Reed-Sternberg Cells
(derived form B lymphocytes)
- 9—Lip at 40X
- top left = orbicularis oris muscle
- contain labial glands (not in pic)
- contain sebaceous glands and hair follicles
- 10—Lip at 100X
- contains orbicularis oris muscle
- labial glands in purple
- 11—Taste buds 40X
- clusters of encapsulated gustatory receptor cells (for taste)
- peg-like projections = papillae
- also contain step basal epithelial cells to divide and produce new gustatory epithelial cells
- 12—Tooth at 40X
- gum line = gingival margin
- crown = visible part
- neck = just above alveolar margin
- root = imbedded below alveolar margin
- enamel = outt]er surface
- dentin = bellow enamel (made by odontoblasts)
- pulp = soft inner core region with bld and nerves
- 13—Esophagus
- luminal epithelium < muscularis mucosa < submucosa (loose connective tissue + nerve + vessel) < muscularis externa (circular layer --> smooth muscle) (longitudinal layer)
- lead to peristaltic movements
- adventitia = fibrous connective tissue anchoring the esophagus
- 14—Parotid Salivary Gland
- superficial to masseter muscle
- septa (connective tissue_ form substrate for bld vessels and nerves
- 15—stomach
- absorption for some water and drugs
- f(x): food storage/mixing/sterilization
- has gastric glands = exocrine ducts that secrete mucus, gastric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor for B12 absorption
- peptic cells secrete pepsin
- 16—stomach
- absorption for some water and drugs
- f(x): food storage/mixing/sterilization
- has gastric glands = exocrine ducts that secrete mucus, gastric acid (HCl), intrinsic factor for B12 absorption
- peptic cells secrete pepsin
- 17—Duodenum
- receives gastric chyme
- exocrine release site
- intestinal glands secrete sucrase, maltase, peptidases
- extensive villi that increase surface area
- Brunner's glands produce mucus-rich alkaline secretion
- goblet cells secrete mucus
- intestinal epithelium made of simple columnar epithelial cells
- 18—Brunner's glands
produce mucus-rich alkaline secretion
- 19—Goblet cells & intestinal epithelium (simple columnar)
- 20—Jejunum
- absorption
- intestinal glands
- 21—Ileum
- absorption of vit B12 bound to intrinsic factor
- peyer's patches in SUBMUCOSA (dark purple)
- 22—Colon
-ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid regions
- formation of feces, absorption of water
- goblet cells
- 23—Liver
- hepatocytes = make and secrete bld proteins, store glycogen, release glu, catabolize drugs, break-down products of metabolism
- makes bile acids for gallbladder
- 24—Cirrhosis
- fibrous fatty deposits
- scar tissue block flow of bld slowing liver function
- usually from chronic alcohol abuse
- 25—Hepatitis
-inflammation of the liver
- swollen hepatocytes
- acute: lasts less than 6 months
- chronic: if longer
- Viral Hepatitis: A, B, C determined by surface antigens or host antibodies
- activation of immune system that causes inflammation and liver damage
- ultimately leads to liver cell destruction
- 26—Pancreas
- both endocrine and exocrine
- secretes enzymes + bicarbonate that neutralizes chyme
- small endocrine cells = islets of langerhans
- alpha cells --> glucagon
- beta cells --> insulin (releases glu from glycogen)
- "cracked appearance"
- 27—Thyroid (400X)
- contains large circular shaped colloids (stores thryoglobulin)
- colloids surrounded by follicular cells
(produce iodine containing thyroxin + triiodothyronine from the protein thyroglobulin)
- inbetween cells called parafollicular cells (C-cells) (secrete calcitonin, lowers bld Ca+2)
- 28—Thyroid (100X)
- each follicle is a sphere with simple cuboidal epithelium cells surrounding a colloid filled center
- Hypothalamus --> Thyroid releasing hormone
- Anterior pituitary gland --> thyroid stimulating hormone
- follicular cells --> thyroxine + triiodothyronine from the protein thyroglobulin
- 29—Larynx (10X)
- cartilaginous
- inferior to epiglottis
- contains VOCAL CORDS
- vocal muscle modulates the tension, influencing pitch
-contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- 30—Trachea (100X)
- windpipe
- reinforced by rings of HYALINE CARTILAGE
- contains psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium to move mucus along the inner laminal surface
- 31—Lungs (40X)
- with bronchioles that serve as air-passages to countless alveoli
- alveoli are highly vascularized gas exchange compartments lined by SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE
- 32—Emphysema
- progressive disease correlated to smoking
- breakage and collapse of alveoli (reduced surface area for gas exchange, decreases bld oxygen)
- one of several chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- 33—Pneumonia
- inflammation of lungs, primary alveoli
- commonly caused by bacterial or virus
- causes reduced gas exchange because of damaged alveoli, with accumulation of CO2 in bld
- 34—Tuberculosis
- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- most infections = asymptomatic and latent, but can be lethal
- "pinker granulomas"
- 35—Lung carcinoma
- most cancers start in lungs: called primary lung cancers
- derive from epithelial cells
- aggressive metastasis
- infiltrated with cancer cells
- most common cause = tobacco smoke
- 36—Kidney
- with glomerulus inside bowman's capsule
Informações
- Descrição
- Biology FlashCards sobre Lab 8, criado por Lily Vander Borgh em 28-11-2022.
- Criado por
- Lily Vander Borgh
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