Flashcards
Computer Systems
Flashcards do conjunto (60)
- 1What is a computer system?A collection of parts that work together for a common purpose; for a system to be useful,it must produce something.
- 2What is data?Letters and numbers that have no meaning
- 3What is information?Data that has a meaning/label
- 4What are computer systems based on?Processing data and producing information
- 5What are computer systems?Fast and programmable
- 6What are the three types of Systems?General purpose
Dedicated
Embedded - 7What is a general purpose system?Used for many things
- 8What is a dedicated system?Designed for a specific purpose
- 9What is an embedded system?Part of an electronic device that uses a Micro-Processor
- 10How are computer systems used?Safety
Business
Communication - 11How are computer systems used for safety?Monitoring patient body signs
Guiding aircraft
Supporting signal systems - 12How are computer systems used for business?Orders
Stock control
Payroll - 13How are computer systems used for communication?Email
Chat
Social Network - 14What can be done to prevent system failure?Redundancy
Testing
Majority Vote
Failover - 15What is redundancy?Duplicated hardware so one spare
- 16What is testing?Tested throughly
- 17What is majority vote?Several different systems in parralled
- 18What is failover?Having a second server so if one fails there is back-up
- 19What are the industry standards?USB
HDMI
RJ45 - 20Why are there industry standards?There are industry standards so different IT products can connect so it doesn't need a mac as well, this would limit customers so had to make it compatible with other devices.
- 21What are the software industry standards?png
jpeg
GIF
TIFF
doc
xls
HTML
PDF - 22What do computers contain that are valuable and should be recycled?Copper- in circuit boards and wiring
Gold- circuit boards and connectors
Metals like zinc, cadmium, mercury- these can be recycled to reduce the demand for extracting them from new sources on the planet
Plastic- this can be recycled, reducing the demand for petroleum from which it is made - 23What else do computer hardware components contain?Toxic substances that must be disposed of carefully
- 24What is lead used for in computers and what is the environmental impact?PCB soldering, CRT monitor screens.
Accumulates in the environment and is toxic to humans, plants and animals - 25What is arsenic used for in computers and what is the environmental impact?Transistors and PCBs
Damage to skin and nervous system and can cause lung cancer - 26What is mercury used for in computers and what is the environmental impact?Sensors and switches
can cause chronic brain damage - 27What is plastics (including PVC) used for in computers and what is the environmental impact?Cabling and computer cases
Connected to various cancers - 28What environmental concerns has the growth of computers caused?The resources that are used to create the technology
The amount of energy they require to work and how this is generated
How old equipment is disposed of / how it is broken down - 29What is an expert system?An expert system is a program which asks a number of questions or used sensors to collate the relevant inputs it needs. Then it uses a set of pre-programmed rules to help it make a decision and finally sow the correct response
- 30What are some common expert systems?Auto pilot on an aeroplane
Helping doctors with diagnosis of patients
Finding faults in a car engine - 31What is the cycle of an expert system?<-- Non expert user -->
<-- User interface -->
<-- Decision maker (inference Engine) -->
<-- Knowledge base -->
<-- Expert - 32What are the advantages of using Expert systems?Available 24hrs- do not get sick, don't take holidays
Accumulated knowledge- many experts on one system
Training people- expensive
Can be copied and distributed - 33What is an AI system? (artificial intelligence)The capacity of a computer to perform operations analogous to learning and decision making in humans, as by an expert system
- 34Do robots do?Robots provide accuracy over repetitive task
Robots can work in hostile condition
They can do complex calculations and make precise measurements a lot faster than a human being
They can be a lots of things e.g a chatbot or a bartender - 35What are the advantages of robots?Savings
Quality
Production
Safety - 36What are the disadvantages of robots?Expertise
ROI
Expense - 37What is the risk of using robots?They will take over all jobs and there will be no need for human skill.
- 38What are the computer laws?Data Protection Act (1998)
Computer Misuse Act (1990)
Copyright, design and Patents Act (1998)
Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) - 39Why was the Data Protection Act created?It was created to protect individuals from the misuse of this data; both the organisation and the data subject
- 40What are the Data Protection Act laws?1. Data must be secure
2. Date stored must be relevant
3. Data stored must be kept no longer than necessary
4. Data stored must be kept accurate and up-to-date
5. Data must be obtained and processed lawfully
6. Data must be processed within the data subject rights
7. Data must be obtained and specified for lawful purposes
8. Data must not be transferred to countries without adequate data protection laws - 41What is an information commissioner?Person who has the power to enforce the law
- 42What is a Data controller?Person or company that collects and keeps data about people
- 43What is a data subject?Person who has data about them stored outside their direct control
- 44What are exemptions of the Data protection act?National security e.g MI5
Police
Taxman
Domestic purposes e.g birthday lists, address books - 45What are the laws in the Computer Misuse act?1. It is illegal to access unauthorised data e.g hacking
2. It is illegal to access unauthorised data and intend to do it again e.g blackmail and fraud purposes
3. It is illegal to access unauthorised data and amend it e.g planting viruses and deleting filed - 46What are the 2 main purposes of the Copyright, design and Patents Act?1. To ensure people are rewarded for their endeavours
2. To give protection to copyright holder if someone tries to steal their work - 47What does this include?Copying software
Copying or downloading music
Copying images or photographs from the web
Copying text from web pages - 48What can working on computers for a long time cause?Back problems
Eyestrain
Repetitive Strain injury - 49What does the Health and Safety at Work act protect?It protects the mental and physical health of the employer
- 50What does the Protection from Harassment Act mean?It is unlawful to cause harassment, alarm or distress e.g stalking, cyberbulling
- 51Why was this law made?Because stalking was not dealt with properly under existing laws.
- 52What is the Process, input output, storage diagram?
- 53What is an input?What is put in to an operating system and processed by a process. It has to be converted into binary
- 54What is processing?To operate on data, make decesions and complete calculations
- 55What is an output?Something produced by a machine. Converted back to data humans can understand
- 56What is storage?Retention of retrievable data on a computer system
- 57What are proprietary standards?They are owned by a company and handle data, communicate with the operating system in defined ways. Also work with a defined interface. This makes them familiar to their users and improves reliability
- 58What are open standards?They are publicly available. The software can also be modified by users for no or minimal coast. Often updated by a community of developers. Usually very high quality as they fix problems quickly. But no one to blame when things go wrong
- 59what are defacto standards?Developed through common usage until they become accepted. Microsoft words is defacto as most people use it for making documents. Some things start defacto and end up dejure so that you have to have it.
- 60What do system uses a microprocessor?An expert system
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- FlashCards sobre Computer Systems, criado por Amber Turner em 02-04-2016.
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- Amber Turner
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