Flashcards
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Flashcards do conjunto (16)
- 1NucleusContains chromosomes and genetic information and controls what goes in and out of the cell.
- 2Nuclear EnvelopeContains pores that allow substances such are RNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
- 3NucleolusMakes Ribosomes.
- 4MitochondrionSite of Aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. Has a double membrane of which the inner layer if folded inwards to form cristae (increase surface area). Contains a fluid matrix inside.
- 5ChloroplastSite where photosynthesis takes place. Found in plant cells and surrounded by a double membrane.
- 6Chloroplast - StromaA fluid filled matrix found in chloroplasts that contains the enzymes needed for the 2nd stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugars).
- 7Chloroplast - Thylakoid membranesStacked up to from grana. Grana are then connected by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membranes. All this makes a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the 1st stage of photosynthesis (light absorption).
- 8Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumA system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes. This provides a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. Provides a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins throughout the cell.
- 9Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSimilar to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum but has no ribosomes. Carries out the synthesis, store and transport of lipids and carbohydates.
- 10Golgi ApparatusConsists of a stack membranes that make up flattened sacs callers cisternae.
The golgi:
forms lysosomes; adds carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins; transports, modifies and stores lipids; Secretes carbohydrates such as cellulose and produces secretory enzymes such as those secreted by the pancreas. - 11Lysosomes - structure- Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes.
- Round organelle surrounded by a membrane
- Abundant in phagocytic cells and epithelial cells
- Formed when a vesicle from the golgi contains enzymes (e.g proteases and lipases) - 12Lysosomes - Functions- Release enzymes outside of the cell to destroy extracellular material
- Completely break down cells after they have died (cell lysis)
- Contain Lysozymes
- Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells - 13RibosomesThere are 2 types: 70S - Prokaryotic cells + Mitochondria and Chloroplasts and 80S - Eukaryotic cells. They are a small cytoplasmic granule found in all cells. Floats freely in cytoplasm or attached to RER. They are the site of Protein Synthesis
- 14Cell Wall - Structure- Rigid structure that surrounds plants
- Consists of microfibrils of the polysaccharide cellulose, embedded in a matrix
- Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements them together. - 15Vacuole - StructureA fluid filled sack bounded by a single membrane called the Tononplast.
A plant vacuole contains a solution of mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes and sometimes pigments - 16Vacuole - FunctionThe sugars and amino acids may act as a temporary food store.
The pigments may colour petals in order to attract pollinating insects.
It is also a support to herbaceous plants by making cells turgid.
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- AS - Level Biology (3 - Cell Structure) FlashCards sobre Eukaryotic Cell Structure , criado por Bee Brittain em 12-04-2016.
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- Bee Brittain
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