Flashcards
Retailing- Decentralisation
Flashcards do conjunto (14)
- 1Hiller (1986) identified three waves of decentralisation: . FirstThe first involved the development of over 700 food superstores In out of centre locations from the late 1970’s to 1994;
- 2Hiller (1986) identified three waves of decentralisation: . SecondThe second involved the development of out of centre retail parks aimed primarily at retailers of bulky goods such as DIY, furniture and carpets;
- 3Hiller (1986) identified three waves of decentralisation: . ThirdAnd the third involved the development of out of centre regional shopping centres for comparison goods retailers and leisure operators
- 4What other services have moved out of town?It’s not just shops that have moved to out-of-town retail parks. Many large retail centres also offer services e.g. leisure facilities such as bowling, cinemas and restaurants. This helps attract more customers by making a trip to a shopping centre a social and family activity. It also encourages people to spend more time there.
- 5Where has decentralisation been seen?We have seen a DECENTRALISATION then of retailing, whereby major retailers have moved there premises from central locations in the CBD to the edge of the city. This causes the doughnut (N.America) or Polo effect (UK) where there is an economic, social and retailing hole in the middle of the city.
- 6What happen in UK 2000-2009?Almost 15,000 shops in town centres in the UK closed between 2000 and 2009, with a further 10,000 losses in the past couple of years. (source) Many household names are included in that, with Woolworths and Jessops closing completely, and HMV having to be bought out.
- 7Decentralisation affects city centres and the rural-urban fringe...Positives and negatives for city centres and rural-urban fringe
- 8-ve for city centre: . CompeteOut-of-town shopping centres compete with city centre shops, so fewer people shop in city centre. This can force shops in the centre to close, so people lose their jobs.
- 9-ve for city centre: . Spiral of decline .What can this lead to. The decline in number of people coming to the city centre to shop also decreases the number of customers using services e.g. cafes, and may also force them to close- spiral of decline.
. A decline in business and retail can lead to a more general decline in the area-investment in centre decreases and it becomes run down leading to problems like vandalism. - 10+ve for city centre: . Investment . Pollution. Local councils and the government sometimes invest moment to improve city centre and attract customers back. Improvement may include pedestrian zones, renovating older shopping malls and organisation events.
. Congestion and pollution may decrease as fewer people drive to the city centre to shop. - 11-ve for rural-urban fringe: . ConstructionOut-of-town complexes require lots of construction, e.g. building tramways to improve transport connections. Although this provides jobs in the short term, it creates noise pollution and could add to congestion if roads are disrupted.
- 12-ve for rural-urban fringe: . Cars . Decline . Shopping experience. Most people drive to out-of-town retail centres, which causes congestion and noise pollution.
. Decentralisation leads to decline of traditional town centres
. They offer a sterile and boring shopping experience, that lacks the character and architectural riches of city centre shopping - 13+ve for rural-urban fringe: . Jobs . Brownfield. Out-of-town shopping complexes created jobs for people living in the suburbs.
. Retail parks often built on brownfield sites that would otherwise be left empty. E.g. Bluewater in Kent is built in a former quarry. - 14+ve for rural-urban fringe: . Houses . Cheaper . Expansion . Parking. Houses that have easy access to the shopping centre may increase in value.
. Land prices are cheaper
. Room for expansion
. Free parking and designed around easy access and parking so are consumer friendly.
Informações
- Descrição
- A2 A2 Geography (World Cities ) FlashCards sobre Retailing- Decentralisation , criado por Alice Kimpton em 03-02-2017.
- Criado por
- Alice Kimpton
- Visualizações
- 11
- Avaliação