Flashcards
Nazi government - foreign policy
Flashcards do conjunto (33)
- 1What is the opinion of an 'intentionalist'?That Hitler had planned/always intended to pursue the foreign policy that he did.
- 2What is the opinion of a 'functionalist'/'structuralist'?That Hitler was an opportunist, and his foreign policy was a result of external factors rather than his planning.
- 3What did AJP Taylor state regarding Hitler's foreign policy?That, in terms of his foreign policy, Hitler was an ordinary statesman of his time. (Eg Italian invasion of Abyssinia, and the Japanese in Manchuria).
- 4What date was the Treaty of Versailles signed, and what did this mean for Germany?28th June 1919. Germany had to accept war-guilt, disarmament (their army was limited to 100,000 soldiers, 6 battleships, no submarines and no airforce), pay reparations (which, in 1921, were set at 132 million marks), loss of territory (Eg Danzig/Polish Corridor) which left 6.4 million Germans outside the new German borders, and permitted no Anschluss.
- 5What date was the Munich Putsch and, as a result of this, what did it allow Hilter to do?8th November 1923, Hitler was arrested, found guilty of treason and sentenced to 5 years in prison. This gave him time to write 'Mein Kampf' (1924) in which he outlined his plans for Anschluss, Lebensraum, reversing the Treaty of Versailles, an alliance with Britain against Russia, and the aryan race theory.
- 6What date was the Kellogg-Briand Pact signed, and what did this do?August 1928, in which it was agreed that Germany would not use war to achieve its foreign policy aims.
- 7What year did Japan (who was meant to be a permanent member of the League of Nations) invade Manchuria?1931.
- 8When Hitler becomes chancellor on 30th January 1933, what does he do?He left the League of Nations, left the disarmament conference, and began preparations and rearmament.
- 9What year was the Nazi-Polish non-Aggression Pact?1934.
- 10What year does Hitler first attempt Anschluss, and why does it fail?1934, and it fails because Mussolini sent troops to the Austrian border to oppose German advancement.
- 11What date was the Anglo-German Navy Agreement, and what was agreed?18th June 1935, it permitted Germany to have 35% the size of the British Navy.
- 12What year did Hitler announce rearmament and the Luftwaffe (airforce), in opposition of the Treaty of Versailles?1935.
- 13What year was the 4 Year Plan, in preparation for war?1936, but war started in 1939.
- 14What year was the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, and what happened?1936, Hitler marched 35,000 troops into the Rhineland, breaching Versailles and therefore demonstrating appeasement.
- 15What year was the Anti-Commitern Pact, what did it mean, and which countries were involved?1937, an anti-communist pact, with Germany, Italy and Japan against USSR.
- 16What date was the Hossbach Memorandum, what was this, and why does AJP Taylor dismiss this as evidence?5th November 1937, it outlined Hitlers expansionist policies/preparation for war. AJP Taylor dismisses this a evidence for Hitler's intent because the document was edited by US lawyers during the Nuremberg Trials.
- 17What year was Anschluss successful?1938.
- 18What date was the Munich Conference, and what happened?30th September 1938, Hitler demanded Sudetenland (between Germany and Czechoslovakia)- he couldn't just invade because Czechoslovakia had an alliance with the French and a strong army. As infamous appeasement, he was allowed it, and he promised it would be his last demand , but Britain began rearmament just in case.
- 19What year was the German invasion of Bohemia and Moravia (in Czechoslovakia) and what did this show?1939, and it showed a shift in policy - it was no longer about pan-Germanism/'uniting Germans'.
- 20What date was the Polish guarantee, and what did this mean?March 1939, it marked an end to appeasement, as Britain promised to defend Poland against any threats, which would likely lead to war.
- 21What date was the Pact of Steel signed with Italy?May 1939.
- 22What date was the Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact, and why is this significant?August 1939, and it contradicts Hitler's wishes in 'Mein Kampf' in which he stated he wanted war with USSR.
- 23What date does Germany invade Poland?1st September 1939, which leads to the Second World War.
- 24What had German steel supplies been cut from and to?From 530,00 - 300,000.
- 25With the shortfall of around 1 million workers, the Army Ordinance Office claimed Germany would need an increase in workforce of how many percent to meet their production aims?Germany would need an 870% increase in workforce to meet production aims.
- 26By 1st June, how many skilled workers had the Reich acquired from Czechoslovakia, and what did this show?They's acquired 40,000 skilled workers from Czechoslovakia, showing the benefits of invading.
- 27Germany therefore concluded that 1 solution to their economic problems was a Blitzkrieg, what does this mean?A lightning war to plunder resources and materials.
- 28On 22nd August 1939, what did Hitler tell his military aids?That the economic situation meant that Germany would only be able to support itself for a few more years, and so they had to act now.
- 29Why did Hitler think the League of Nations/Allies were weak and could be bullied without risking war?Because the League of Nations had failed to deal with the Italian invasion of Abyssinia or the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and because of the Allies policy of appeasement.
- 30What territory had been taken in the Treaty of Versailles that Hitler wanted back?The Port of Danzig.
- 31What did Hitler say Germany's future was?"Germany's future is either a greater Germanic Empire, or nothing."
- 32"The task is to isolate Poland (...)" With reference to the completion of this quote, what does Hitler want to avoid?"The task is to isolate Poland (...) it must not come to simultaneous confrontation with the West."
- 33What are some examples of Hitler's foreign policy being a continuation from other German leaders?In 1918, Germany had a strong military tradition, Hitler's desire for Lebensraum was greatly influenced by the policy follow by the Kaiser, the aims for Empire were similar to that of previous rulers, and Bernhard von Bulow (foreign minister 1897-1900, chancellor 1900-09) was an advocate for an aggressive and militaristic foreign policy.
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- A level History (Germany) FlashCards sobre Nazi government - foreign policy , criado por Lauren Le Prevost em 12-05-2017.
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