Memory- types of LTM

Memory- types of LTM

1. Tulving, 1985

   • Evaluation
     • Clinical evidenc
       • Clive Wearing
         • Remembered how to play piano but forgot about any events
         • Procedural and semantic memory intact, episodic damaged
           • Suggests there are multiple stores for LTM
       • Lack of control over variables
     • Neuroimaging evidence
       • Tulving
         • Different areas of brain active for different types of LTM
           • Episodic
             • Right pre-frontal cortex
           • Semantic
             • Left pre-frontal cortex
     • Real life application
       • Can be used to improve the episodic memory of old people
         • Development of specific treatments
     • May only be 2 types of LTM
       • Episodic and semantic are declarative, while procedural is non-declarative
       • Declarative
         • Conscious recall
       • Non-declarative
         • Unconscious recall

2. Episodic

   • Time stamped
   • Include people, places and objects
   • Require conscious recall
   • Recall of events (episodes)
   • Tom remembers his visit to the dentist on Tuesday

3. Sematic

   • Not time stamped
   • Does not include specifics e.g. place
   • Requires conscious recall
   • Knowledge of the world
   • Tom knows the taste of an orange and the meaning of words

4. Procedural

   • Not time stamped
   • Does not include specifics e.g. place
   • Does not require conscious recall
   • How to do things
   • Tom knows how to ride a bike