Biology Chapter 10 Test 10.1

Biology Chapter 10 Test 10.1

1. Cardus Linnaeus

   • developed classification system for all types of organisms known at the time
     • method still used today
   • reflected evolutionary relatioships
   • abandoned common belief of time that organisms were fixed and did not change
     • some might have arisen through hybridization
       • crossing that he could observe through experiments with varieties, or species, of plants

2. George Louis Leclerc de Buffon

   • challenged many of accepted ideas
     • Earth was NOT only 6,000 years old
       • Earth was much older that this

3. Erasmus Darwin

   • all living things were descended from a common ancestor
   • more complex forms of life arose from less-complex organisms
   • idea was expanded upon 65 years later by is grandson, Charles Darwin

4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck

   • all organisms evolved toward perfection and complxity
   • didn't think that species did not become extinct
     • reasoned they must have evolved into different forms

5. Catastrophism

   • natural disasters have happened often during Earth's long history
   • shaped land forms and caused species to become extinct in the process
   • floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, etc....

6. Gradualism

   • proposed by James Hutton in the late 1700s
   • changes observed in land forms result from slow changes over a long period of time
   • canyons carved away by rivers

7. Uniformitarianism

   • proposed by Charles Lyell
   • Principles of Geology published in 1830s
     • expanded Hutton's theory of gradualism
   • geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time
     • combined Lyell's and Hutton's observations
   • layers of rock in Earth's surface