Chemistry MindMap

Chemistry MindMap

1. Chapter 1 - Atoms and the Periodic Table

   • Sub-Atomic Particles
     • Protons
       • Protons are positively charged particles. They have a relative atomic mass of 1 and they make up part of the nucleus. These are what determine what atom it is.
     • Neutrons
       • Neutrons are particles that have no charge. They have a relative atomic mass of 1 and make up part of the nucleus.
     • Electrons
       • Electrons are negatively charged particles. They have a relative atomic mass of 0 and reside in shells around the Nucleus. These are what make the atoms react together.
   • Atomic Structure
     • The Nucleus
       • The nucleus is the mass of particles in the centre of an atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons which means it is positively charged as protons are positive and neutrons have no charge. As this is positively charged, it attracts the electrons on the shells outside the atom, keeping them in place.
     • Shells
       • Shells are the things the electrons reside in. They are kept in place by being attracted to the nucleus which is positively charged and the electrons are negatively charged.
   • Types of Atoms
     • Ions
       • Ions are Atoms that have an overall charge. This is done by either gaining or losing an Electron. This can result in a positively charged atom by losing an Electron or in a negatively charged Atom by gaining an Electron. This will happen in a Ionic Reaction.
     • Isotopes
       • Isotopes are atoms that have a different relative atomic mass. This can only be done by altering the amount of neutrons. Some Isotopes can be Radioactive.
     • Stable Atoms
       • Stable Atoms are how they appear on the Periodic Table. They must have an overall charge of 0 to be considered stable.
   • Periodic Table
     • Groups
       • Groups are the columns the atoms are divided into. There are 8 of them, Group 1 being the most reactive and Group 2/8 is the least reactive.
     • Periods
       • Periods are the rows that divide the atoms on the Periodic Table. The periods determine how many shells of electrons the atom has.

2. Chapter 2

   • Types of Bonds
     • Ionic
       • Ionic bonding is where atoms give or take unwanted electrons so that they have a full shell and therefore becoming ions. This happens between a metal and a non-metal.
     • Covalent
       • Covalent bonding happens between two non-metals. It is when they share their electrons so that they both have a full shell. This is like ionic bonding but in ionic bonding the atom just gives the electron away whereas in covalent bonding they both keep a hold of the electrons
     • Metallic
       • This happens between two metals. The electrons of the atoms leave the shell and float around the outside of all the metal nuclei keeping them together through electrostatic attraction. The elctrons allowed charge to pass through
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3. Chapter 3

4. Chapter 4