Difference between Hardware and Software

Difference between Hardware and Software

1. Hardware: this is any part of the computer you can physically touch, pick up, hold or move. i.e. Mouse, keyboard, monitor.

2. Software: the applications and programming instructions needed to make the computer hardware useful.

   • Systems software tells the computer what to do i.e. Operating system, utilities, user interface.
   • Application software, enables you to do work i.e. Word processors (Microsoft Word), Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel).

3. Peripherals: any hardware device which connects to the computer and is controlled by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) - expect memory.

   • (plug in): monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, speakers, external hard drives, graphics tablet.

4. Early standards: 1980's, various companies produced their own version of the PC, but only with their equipment. - no standards. IBM created PC standards by developing PC's that allow hardware by other companies, so all will work harmoniously.

5. Going it alone: Some companies such as Apple, decided to maintain control of their computers. Apple has its own operating system and peripheral equipment. Apps require an Apple developer licence. Ad - standards and compatibility are maintained.

6. Standards pros and cons:

   • Pro's:
     • More choice from a variety of manufacturers.
     • Lower prices and better technical development
     • Not locked into one manufacturer
     • Purchased from many retail outlets
     • Able to compare equipment performance
     • Devices will work together
     • Mended/serviced by a number of companies
     • Easy to find alternative equipment
   • Con's:
     • Once purchased, you're locked into that manufacturer
     • You have to go to a specialist retail outlet to purchase equipment and peripherals. Not so easily available.
     • Cannot sensibly compare as they use different standards.
     • Lack of price competition -> higher prices.
     • Less encouragement for technical development due to fewer competitions.

7. Outdated standards: Technology moves at a fast pace.

   • For example, old motherboards may not take new components such as RAM. The power supply may no longer be adequate for the latest graphic cards.

8. Software standards: less common that hardware standards.

   • Usual route is that single manufacturers eventually dominate market and defines standard for that software. -> eventually publish 'standard' that allows other companies to create compatible files.

9. Web browsers and standards: there are many browsers you can choose from i.e. Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer. They all use slightly different methods to enable you to view web pages.

   • Problems that may occur: different colours, font and tables(layout). Plug-ins such as Flash and Shockwave may work on some but not others.