Immune System

Immune System

1. Cell-mediated Immunity

   • T-cells
   • defense against infection
     • like mycobacterium tuberculosis
     • viral/fungal
   • Allergic response
     • Ex: poison oak

2. Antibody-mediated (Humoral) Immunity

   • B-Cells
   • defense against infection
     • opsonizes bacteria
     • neutralizes toxins/viruses
   • allergic response ex: Hay fever
   • autoimmunity

3. SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNE RESPONSE

   • Involves: recognition, activation, and response
   • may be natural (innate)/acquired (adaptive)

4. NATURAL IMMUNITY

   • Non-specific
   • not acquired from previous exposure
   • Does not improve after exposure
   • NO memory
   • Host defenses
     • Skin, mucous membranes
     • Natural killer cells
     • Phagocytosis
     • Inflammation

5. ACUIRED IMMUNITY

   • after exposure
   • improves w/ repeated exposure
   • Mediated by antibodies and T-cells
   • Long-term memory
   • Can be passive/active

6. ANTIGENS

   • Foreigness: Non-self
   • Dosage, route and timing of exposure

7. CELLS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM

   • Made up of Leukocytes
   • Granulocytes
     • Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
   • Lymphocytes
     • T-cells, B-cells, natural killer cells
   • Monocytes
     • precursor to macrophage
   • Dendritic Cells
     • APC's
     • key regulator
   • Produced in bone marrow

8. T Cells

   • 65-80% of lymphocytes
   • Arise in bone marrow
   • T-cytotoxic cell
     • directly kill and attack
   • CD 4 T cell
     • produce cytokines, stimulate macrophages, NK cells, dendritic cell and other T-cell

9. B Cells

   • produce antibodies
   • Are APC's
   • Can form memory cells

10. MACROPHAGES

    • 3 main funcitons
      • Phagocytosis
      • Antigen transportation
      • Cytokine production

11. Nk cells

    • kill viruses/tumor infected cells
    • Non-specific
    • kill w/o antibody

12. PMN's

    • most numerous WBC 60%
    • capable of phagocytosis
    • 1st line of defense