Chem 11

Chem 11

1. Electronic Structure of Atoms

   • Orbital
     • Shell
       • Subshell
     • Shapes
       • S-type
         • Sphere
           • 2 electrons
           • Alkali metals + alkaline earth metals
       • P-type
         • Propeller
           • 6 electrons
         • Valence electrons
       • d-type
         • Propeller + donut
           • 10 electrons
           • Transition metals
       • f-type
         • Only with Lanthanides and actinides
           • 14 electrons
   • Principles
     • Aufbau
       • Fill lowest energy levels first
     • Pauli Exclusion
       • Max 2 electrons per orbital
         • Must spin in opposite directions
     • Hund's rule
       • Place 1 electron in each P subshell
         • Then go back and place the second

2. Periodic table of elements

   • 1817=52 elements
     • 1863=62 elements
       • Demitri Mendeleev 1869 made the periodic table of elements
         • Based off of mass and and properties
           • Rows=periods
           • Column=family
           • Major divisions
             • Noble gases
               • Non-metals
                 • Gases, liquid, brittle solid
                 • Solid= dull-lustrous, opaque-transplucent
                 • Good inselator
             • Halogens
               • Metalloids
                 • Share properties of meals and non-metals
                 • Found on stair case
             • transition metals
             • Alkaline earth metals
             • Alkali metals
             • Lanthanides
             • Actinides
               • Metals
                 • Shiny, opaque, usually solid
                 • malleable, ductile, good conductor

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