Learning

Learning

1. Operant Conditioning

2. Classical Conditioning

   • Pavlov (1927)
     • A - To investigate whether behaviour is due to learning by association.
     • M - Pavlov implanted test tubes near the salivation glands of his dogs. He showed them a piece of food (UCS) and observed that they would salivate (UCR). Pavlov then paired the showing of food with the ring of a bell (NS).
     • R - The dogs, after Pavlov repeatedly paired the meat (UCS) with the bell (NS), the bell on its own (CS) would cause the dogs to salivate (CR).
     • C - Classical conditioning caused the dogs to associate the bell with salivation.
     • + This study is reliable because it was conducted in a laboratory environment.
       • + This study has concurrent validity as it is supported by the Little Albert study by Watson & Rayner.
     • - This study uses dogs to investigate behaviour and therefore cannot be extrapolated to humans.
       • This study has low ecological validity as it was conducted in a laboratory environment.
   • Stimuli & Responses
     • Unconditioned Stimulus
     • Unconditioned Response
     • Conditioned Stimulus
     • Conditioned Response
     • Neutral Stimulus