~ Renaissance ~

Anotações:

• The Renaissance began in Italy in the 1300s and spread to other part of Europe in the 1400s and 1500s.

1. Florence, Italy

   Anotações:

   • The main center during Renaissance.
   1. Medici family

      Anotações:

      • They were the most powerful family which controlled Florence for three centuries. They also controlled the politics during the Renaissance.
      1. Patrons

         Anotações:

         • Medici family donated the money so the artist could make more art works.
2. Petrarch

   Anotações:

   • The father of Renaissance.
3. Rebirth of classical ideas.

   Anotações:

   • It was the meaning of Renaissance.
   1. Ancient Greece and Rome

      Anotações:

      • Greek and Roman examples inspired new style of architecture, approaches to the arts, and ways of thinking.
4. Change

   Anotações:

   • The Renaissance was a period where changes were happening all around Europe. There was changes in medicine, arts, architecture, and philosophy. 
   1. Medicine

      Anotações:

      • Scientists created and invented new medicine.
   2. Politics

      Anotações:

      • The local government of Florence was housed in the Palazzo Vecchio, or old palace. Florence was ruled under a series of government boards. These boards were often controlled by the rich family.
      1. Machiavelli

         Anotações:

         • He was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer. He has often been called the founder of modern political science.
   3. Architecture

      Anotações:

      • Engineers built new buildings during the Renaissance.
      1. Brunelleschi

         Anotações:

         • He was an Italian designer and a key figure in architecture, recognised to be the first modern engineer, planner and sole construction supervisor. He was the oldest amongst the founding fathers of the Renaissance.
   4. Science

      Anotações:

      • Lots of scientists invented and observed new theories during the Renaissance. 
      1. Vesalius

         Anotações:

         • He was a outstanding scientist during the Renaissance, his work changed medicine and the study of anatomy.
      2. Galileo

         Anotações:

         • He was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
      3. Printing

         Anotações:

         • Renaissance painters were influenced by the renewed interest in classical culture and the spread of humanism. They want to depict real people who were posed in lifelike ways and whose faces expressed emotions. They also wanted to include realistic setting. The result was a new style of painting.
         1. Gutenberg

            Anotações:

            • He was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe.
         2. Famous Printed Bible

            Anotações:

            • The first printed bible was created by Renaissance.
      4. Copernicus

         Anotações:

         • He was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe.
      5. Non Religious Themes

         Anotações:

         • Renaissance science was not related to religion. The church died.
   5. Arts

      Anotações:

      • The Renaissance was a period where artists tested out new styles and methods of creating sculptures, paintings, and other art elements. 
      1. Raphael

         Anotações:

         • He was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.
      2. Shakespeare

         Anotações:

         • He was a famous playwright and he was also a major figure of the English Renaissance.
      3. Donatello

         Anotações:

         • He was a Florence sculptor who was one of the first to use the realistic, lifelike style. His work expressed personality and mood.
      4. Leonardo da Vinci

         Anotações:

         • He was a famous Renaissance artist, scientist, and inventor. 
      5. Michelangelo

         Anotações:

         • He was a Renaissance artist, renowned for his sculpture and painting. He preferred sculpture because it seemed to bring his subjects to life.
      6. Perspective

         Anotações:

         • The perspective skill was used to creating the appearance of depth on the flat surface. The artist also used the line to show up the distance of the objects.
   6. Humanism

      Anotações:

      • It was a philosophy that tries to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society.
      1. Independent thinking

         Anotações:

         • The Renaissance encouraged people to have their own thoughts and ideas.
         1. Power of the Church and Kings Challenged

            Anotações:

            • The power and church and kings were challenged because people stopped believing in god and the teachings of the priest and christianity in conclusion.