1_PRAGMATICS

1_PRAGMATICS

1. The analysis of language based on the beliefs, knowledge an culture of speakers

2. Context

   • The series of elements that modify the meaning of something uttered
   • Co-Text
     • What a word uttered means by what is close to it
   • Physical Context
     • How interpret the words based on what we can see
   • Deixis
     • Pointing out though language
     • Person Deixis
       • For things and people
         • This cat, Those rockers, his heart
     • Spatial Deixis
       • For location of place
         • Over there, She was right there, The crown is on his head
     • Temporal Deixis
       • indicates time
         • Yesterday all my troubles seemed ... Now, they look they are ..

3. Reference

   • Distinguish things via language
   • Inference
     • The responsability of distinguish lies on speakers' shoulders
   • Anaphora
     • What is substituted because it's already clear
   • Presupposition
     • when speaker assumes that the listener will undertand

4. Speech Act

   • Direct & Indirect Speech acts
     • Direct: Would you like to get your hair straitened ?
       • Asking for information directly.
     • Indirect:Your son has a amazing book about Diderot's Biography
       • The speaker is requesting to borrow the book indirectly
   • What the speaker really mean beyond words
     • "I have two tickets for Megadeth's concert"
       • The speaker is inviting (questioning) the other person to go with them even it looks like a informing act

5. Politeness

   • Empathize with other via my Public self-image
     • Face-Threatening Act
       • Acting arrogantly towards others
         • Cook something for me! I'm hungry, woman!
     • Face-Saving Act
       • Acting tactfully towards others
         • Would you like to cook a pizza with me? I brought some wine
   • Negative & positive face
     • Negative: independent, imposition
       • "Stop everything! I need a advice from you!"
     • Positive: need of connection with others
       • You seem to be busy, I will come whenever you had a chance! Let me know!