Cell Structure & Division

Eukaryotic Cells
1. Nucleus
  1. Controls cell's activities
  2. Pores allow substances in & out of nucleus & cytoplasm
  3. Makes ribosomes
2. Mitochondrion
  1. Site of aerobic respiration
  2. Folds called cristae
  3. Inside called matirx
3. Chloroplast
  1. Site of photosynthesis
4. Golgi apparatus
  1. Processes & packages lipids & proteins
  2. Makes lysosomes
5. Lysosome
  1. Contains lysozymes
  2. Digests invading cells/worn out organelles
6. ER
  1. Rough
    1. Covered in ribosomes
    2. Processes proteins
  2. Smooth
    1. Synthesises & processes lipids
7. Vacuole
  1. Helps maintain pressure
  2. Keeps cell rigid
Prokaryotic Cells
1. Cell wall
  1. Supports the cell
  2. Murein
2. Plasmid
  1. Small loops of DNA
  2. Not always present
3. DNA
  1. Not in nucleus
  2. Circular
  3. Not attached to histones
4. Flagellum
  1. Make cell move
  2. Not always present
5. Cytoplasm
  1. No membrane bound organelles
  2. Has ribosomes
    1. Smaller than in eukaryotes
6. Replicate by binary fission
Mitosis
1. Interphase
  1. Normal cell functions
  2. DNA is unravelled
  3. DNA & organelles replicated
2. Prophase
  1. Chromosomes condense
  2. Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell
  3. Nuclear envelope breaks
3. Metaphase
  1. Chromosomes line up on equator
  2. Chromosomes attached to spindle by centromere
4. Anaphase
  1. Centromeres divide
  2. Chromatids pulled to opposite ends of cell
5. Telophase
  1. Chromatids reach poles
  2. Chromatids uncoil
    1. Now called chromosomes
  3. Nuclear envelope forms
  4. Cytokineis
6. 2 genetically identical daughter cells

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	Criado por Alex Lyes quase 8 anos atrás